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arXiv 0907.4277astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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星系团的X射线光谱

X-ray Spectroscopy of Galaxy Clusters

Hans Boehringer, Norbert Werner

摘要:

星系团是宇宙中体积最大、结构清晰的天体,是研究星系团内介质和星系团星系群演化的理想实验室。对于被加热到X射线辐射温度的ICM,X射线光谱学是深入了解星系团结构和天体物理学的最重要工具。在这篇综述中,我们回顾了解释热的、稀薄的等离子体的X射线光谱的基本原理,并举例说明了X射线光谱的广泛的科学应用。星系团质量的测定对宇宙学非常重要,它的关键在于精确的ICM光谱温度测定。ICM的热结构研究为我们提供了一个非常有趣的星系形成和演化过程中能量释放的化石记录。ICM的温度和压力分布为我们了解星系团的合并过程以及合并能量以湍流形式的耗散提供了重要的信息。中心的冷却核心是有趣的实验室,可以研究气体冷却,恒星和黑洞形成以及能量反馈之间的相互作用,这是通过X射线光谱学进行诊断的。由ICM的X射线谱推算的元素丰度提供了不同超新星对重元素核合成贡献的宇宙历史记录,其空间分布部分反映了ICM中重要的输运过程。一些讨论等离子体诊断条件的热平衡和展望未来的前景X射线光谱簇研究完成我们的评论。

英文摘要:

Galaxy clusters, the largest clearly defined objects in our Universe, are ideal laboratories to study in detail the cosmic evolution of the intergalactic intracluster medium (ICM) and the cluster galaxy population. For the ICM, which is heated to X-ray radiating temperatures, X-ray spectroscopy is the most important tool to obtain insight into the structure and astrophysics of galaxy clusters. In this review we recall the basic principles of the interpretation of X-ray spectra from a hot, tenuous plasma and we illustrate the wide range of scientific applications of X-ray spectroscopy. The determination of galaxy cluster masses, important for cosmology, rest crucially on a precise spectroscopic ICM temperature determination. The study of the thermal structure of the ICM provides a very interesting fossil record of the energy release during galaxy formation and evolution. The temperature and pressure distribution of the ICM gives us important insight into the process of galaxy cluster merging and the dissipation of the merger energy in form of turbulent motion. Cooling cores in the centers are interesting laboratories to investigate the interplay between gas cooling, star- and black hole formation and energy feedback, which is diagnosed by means of X-ray spectroscopy. The element abundances deduced from X-ray spectra of the ICM provide a cosmic history record of the contribution of different supernovae to the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements and their spatial distribution partly reflects important transport processes in the ICM. Some discussion of plasma diagnostics for conditions out of thermal equilibrium and an outlook on the future prospects of X-ray spectroscopic cluster studies complete our review.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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