微类星体周围大尺度空洞的相对论喷流演化
Large Scale Cavities Surrounding Microquasars Inferred from Evolution of their Relativistic Jets
摘要：
黑洞X射线瞬变XTE J1550-564在1998年经历了一次强烈的爆发，几年后，$\it Chandra$ X射线天文台探测到了两个相对论性X射线喷流;以前发现东部喷流在第一次探测到后减速。在这里，我们报告了一个完整的分析，西方射流的演变，显着减速也检测到在西侧。我们的分析表明，有一个空腔外的中心源和射流首先以恒定的速度，然后通过射流和星际介质（ISM）之间的相互作用减慢。洞的最佳拟合半径为东侧$\sim$ 0.31 pc，西侧$\sim$ 0.44 pc，密度也表现出不对称性，东侧$\sim$ 0.034 cm $^{-3}$，西侧$\sim$ 0.12 cm $^{-3}$。两侧的最佳拟合磁场为$\sim$ 0.5 mG。对另一个微类星体系统H 1743-322也进行了类似的分析，发现了一个大尺度的低密度区，并与其他微类星体系统进行了比较，提出了微类星体喷流的一般情况，将观测到的喷流分为三类，不同的喷流形态（和大小）对应着不同尺度的真空环境。我们还认为，连续喷流或吸积盘风，或两者都可能是造成这些空腔。因此，微类星体的X射线喷流为我们提供了一种探测吸积黑洞环境的有希望的方法。
英文摘要：
The black hole X-ray transient XTE J1550-564 has undergone a strong outburst in 1998 and two relativistic X-ray jets have been detected years later with the $\it Chandra$ X-ray observatory; the eastern jet was found previously to have decelerated after its first detection. Here we report a full analysis of the evolution of the western jet; significant deceleration is also detected in the western side. Our analysis indicates that there is a cavity outside the central source and the jets first traveled with constant velocity and then were slowed down by the interactions between the jets and the interstellar medium (ISM). The best fitted radius of the cavity is $\sim$0.31 pc on the eastern side and $\sim$0.44 pc on the western side, and the densities also show asymmetry, of $\sim$0.034 cm$^{-3}$ on the east to $\sim$0.12 cm$^{-3}$ on the west. The best fitted magnetic fields on both sides are $\sim$0.5 mG. Similar analysis is also applied to another microquasar system, H 1743-322, and a large scale low density region is also found. Based on these results and the comparison with other microquasar systems, we suggest a generic scenario for microquasar jets, classifying the observed jets into three main categories, with different jet morphologies (and sizes) corresponding to different scales of vacuous environments surrounding them. We also suggest that either continuous jets or accretion disk winds, or both may be responsible for creating these cavities. Therefore X-ray jets from microquasars provide us with a promising method of probing the environment of accreting black holes.
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