活动星系核相对论喷流中磁场的不变扭曲
The invariant Twist of Magnetic Fields in the Relativistic Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei
摘要：
宇宙磁场（B）的起源仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。一般认为，非常弱的原始B场被发电机过程放大，但似乎不太可能放大的速度足以解释目前在星系和星系团中观察到的场。在另一种情况下，宇宙B场产生附近的吸积盘在活动星系核（AGN）的内边缘的方位角电流，由于等离子体电子和离子的速度之间的差异，当电子与光子的相互作用被推迟。虽然发电机过程没有表现出偏好的极性（大概是随机的）种子场，他们放大，这种替代机制唯一的极性的极向B场的角速度的吸积盘，导致在一个独特的方向为环形的B场诱导磁盘旋转。观测29个活动星系核喷流的环形场，通过秒差距尺度的法拉第旋转测量显示出明显的不对称性，这与这个模型是一致的，这种不对称性偶然发生的概率小于1%。这支持了宇宙是由B场播种的假设，B场是通过这种机制在活动星系核中产生的，随后通过喷流注入星系际空间。
英文摘要：
The origin of cosmic magnetic (B) fields remains an open question. It is generally believed that very weak primordial B fields are amplified by dynamo processes, but it appears unlikely that the amplification proceeds fast enough to account for the fields presently observed in galaxies and galaxy clusters. In an alternative scenario, cosmic B fields are generated near the inner edges of accretion disks in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) by azimuthal electric currents due to the difference between the plasma electron and ion velocities that arises when the electrons are retarded by interactions with photons. While dynamo processes show no preference for the polarity of the (presumably random) seed field that they amplify, this alternative mechanism uniquely relates the polarity of the poloidal B field to the angular velocity of the accretion disk, resulting in a unique direction for the toroidal B field induced by disk rotation. Observations of the toroidal fields of 29 AGN jets revealed by parsec-scale Faraday rotation measurements show a clear asymmetry that is consistent with this model, with the probability that this asymmetry came about by chance being less than 1%. This lends support to the hypothesis that the Universe is seeded by B fields that are generated in AGN via this mechanism and subsequently injected into intergalactic space by the jet outflows.
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