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arXiv 0907.3494astro-ph.CO
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《光环连接》和《气体都去哪儿了?》

The Disk-Halo Connection and Where Has All The Gas Gone?

Joel N. Bregman

摘要:

在过去的几十年里,特别是在过去的15年里,丰富的数据已经改变了我们对银河系和其他螺旋星系周围气体的看法。有很好的证据表明,面外气体的高度只有几千秒差距,在所有的气相中都可以看到:中性;温暖的原子;和热的X射线发射气体。这种介质不仅在银河系周围可见,而且在其他旋涡星系中也可见,它与恒星形成率有关,因此它很可能是由盘中的活动通过星系喷泉产生的。我们还看到了更多晕气体的例子,比如银河系和M31周围的HVC。这种气体通常距离星系10-20 kpc,在50 kpc以上看不到。这种气体很可能是被吸积的。一个热的稀释晕(1 E6 K)存在类似的大小,虽然它的大小是很难确定。一个持续的争论围绕着相对数量的流出从磁盘和吸积到星系,如银河系。有很好的证据表明,银河系和其他星系上的冷物质吸积,但目前还不清楚是否有足够的气体含量和恒星形成属性的磁盘。吸积物质的储存库至今尚未确定。其中一些发现可能与星系是贫重子的问题有关:它们的重子与暗物质的比率远低于宇宙学值。重子的缺失可能是由于在星系形成的早期阶段发生了极其剧烈的外流事件。我们也许能够通过应用我们对本地盘晕环境的深入理解来理解星系演化的这一阶段。

英文摘要:

The wealth of data in the past decades, and especially in the past 15 years has transformed our picture of the gas around the Milky Way and other spiral galaxies. There is good evidence for extraplanar gas that is a few kpc in height and is seen in all gaseous phases: neutral; warm atomic; and hot, X-ray emitting gas. This medium is seen not only around the Milky Way, but other spiral galaxies and it is related to the star formation rate, so it is likely produced by the activity in the disk through a galactic fountain. More extended examples of halo gas are seen, such as the HVC around the Milky Way and around M31. This gas is typically 10-20 kpc from the galaxy and is not seen beyond 50 kpc. This gas is most likely being accreted. A hot dilute halo (1E6 K) is present with a similar size, although its size is poorly determined. An ongoing controversy surrounds the relative amounts of outflow from the disk and accretion onto galaxies such as the Milky Way. There is good evidence for accretion of cold material onto the Milky Way and other galaxies, but it is not clear if there is enough to modify the gas content and star formation properties in the disk. The reservoir of accretion material is as yet unidentified. Some of these findings may be related to the issue that galaxies are baryon-poor: their baryon to dark matter ratio is well below the cosmological value. The absence of baryons may be due to extremely violent outflow events in the early stages of galaxy formation. We may be able to understand this stage of galaxy evolution by applying our deepening understanding of our local disk-halo environment.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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