通过测量图形速度的径向变化揭示螺旋结构的起源
Uncovering the Origins of Spiral Structure by Measuring Radial Variation in Pattern Speeds
摘要：
目前的螺旋和杆结构理论预测了各种模式的速度行为，要求详细的，直接测量的径向变化的模式速度。我们最近开发的径向TWR-温伯格（TWR）方法首次实现了这一目标。本文给出了M101、IC 342、NGC 3938和NGC 3344四种TWR螺旋花样速度的估算，以研究螺旋结构是稳定的还是缠绕的，螺旋是否由多个花样速度描述，以及棒速度和螺旋速度之间的关系。在可能的情况下，我们解释我们的模式速度估计根据与每个（建立与磁盘角旋转）的共振半径，并将这些与以前的决定。通过分析这些星系的高质量HI和CO数据立方体，我们表明，它是可以直接确定这些系统内的多个模式的速度，从而确定驱动螺旋结构的过程的特征签名。即使是这个小样本的星系揭示了一个令人惊讶的复杂的分类，与第一个直接证据的存在下，在一些系统中发现的多个模式的共振耦合，和一个简单的单一模式的速度在其他测量。总的来说，这项研究表明，我们现在能够揭示更多隐藏在螺旋结构背后的明显复杂的物理学。
英文摘要：
Current theories of spiral and bar structure predict a variety of pattern speed behaviors, calling for detailed, direct measurement of the radial variation of pattern speeds. Our recently developed Radial Tremaine-Weinberg (TWR) method allows this goal to be achieved for the first time. Here we present TWR spiral pattern speed estimates for M101, IC 342, NGC 3938 and NGC 3344 in order to investigate whether spiral structure is steady or winding, whether spirals are described by multiple pattern speeds, and the relation between bar and spiral speeds. Where possible, we interpret our pattern speeds estimates according to the resonance radii associated with each (established with the disk angular rotation), and compare these to previous determinations. By analyzing the high-quality HI and CO data cubes available for these galaxies, we show that it is possible to determine directly multiple pattern speeds within these systems, and hence identify the characteristic signatures of the processes that drive the spiral structure. Even this small sample of galaxies reveals a surprisingly complex taxonomy, with the first direct evidence for the presence of resonant coupling of multiple patterns found in some systems, and the measurement of a simple single pattern speed in others. Overall, this study demonstrates that we are now in a position to uncover more of the apparently complex physics that lies behind spiral structure.
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