我们提出了一个目录的5184个候选红外对应的X射线源检测到对银河系中心。X射线样本包含9017个点源，由钱德拉X射线天文台在该地区检测到，包括最近对银河平面中心2 x 0.8度的深度调查数据。这些源中共有6760个具有硬X射线颜色，其中大多数位于银河系中心附近，而其余2257个软X射线源中的大多数位于前景。我们将X射线源的位置与2 MASS和SIRIUS近红外星表进行了交叉关联，这两个星表共同包含10 σ极限通量为K_s<=15.6等的恒星。为了区分银河系中心附近的吸收红外源和前景中的吸收红外源，我们将红源和蓝源分别定义为H-K_s>=0.9和<=0.9等的源。我们发现5.8%（1.5%）的硬X射线源具有真实的红外对应物，其中228（99）个是红色的，166（27）个是蓝色的。红色对应物可能由WR/O型恒星、HMXB和银河系中心附近的共生体组成。我们还发现，39.4%（1.0%）的软X射线源有蓝红外对应物，其中大部分可能是日冕活动的矮星在前景。在人马座-B H II区域附近有一个值得注意的大约20个与硬X射线源对应的红色双星，它们可能是在最近几个百万年内形成的大质量双星。对于每个红外匹配到我们的目录中的X射线源，我们推导出的概率，该协会是真实的，基于互相关分析的结果。该目录将用于光谱调查，以确定银河系中心附近的X射线源的红外对应物。
英文摘要：
We present a catalog of 5184 candidate infrared counterparts to X-ray sources detected towards the Galactic center. The X-ray sample contains 9017 point sources detected in this region by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, including data from a recent deep survey of the central 2 x 0.8 deg of the Galactic plane. A total of 6760 of these sources have hard X-ray colors, and the majority of them lie near the Galactic center, while most of the remaining 2257 soft X-ray sources lie in the foreground. We cross-correlated the X-ray source positions with the 2MASS and SIRIUS near-infrared catalogs, which collectively contain stars with a 10-sigma limiting flux of K_s<=15.6 mag. In order to distinguish absorbed infrared sources near the Galactic center from those in the foreground, we defined red and blue sources as those which have H-K_s>=0.9 and <=0.9 mag, respectively. We find that 5.8(1.5)% of the hard X-ray sources have real infrared counterparts, of which 228(99) are red and 166(27) are blue. The red counterparts are probably comprised of WR/O stars, HMXBs, and symbiotics near the Galactic center. We also find that 39.4(1.0)% of the soft X-ray sources have blue infrared counterparts; most of these are probably coronally active dwarfs in the foreground. There is a noteworthy collection of ~20 red counterparts to hard X-ray sources near the Sagittarius-B H II region, which are probably massive binaries that have formed within the last several Myr. For each of the infrared matches to X-ray sources in our catalog we derived the probability that the association is real, based on the results of the cross-correlation analysis. The catalog will serve spectroscopic surveys to identify infrared counterparts to X-ray sources near the Galactic center.
She et al. (Paper I) assembled a catalog of nearby galaxies observed with the Chandra X-ray observatory, by cross-matching galaxies in the NASA Extragalactic Database (NED) within 50 Mpc and the Chandra archive. That sample has enabled searches of low-mass black holes associated with late-type, bulgeless galaxies and studies of the accretion physics related to low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs). Using a similar approach, here we construct an extended catalog up to 150 Mpc and make a cross-correlation with a catalog of nearby galaxy groups. The new catalog consists of 1,964 galaxies…
This study represents the most sensitive Chandra X-ray point source catalogue of M31. Using 133 publicly available Chandra ACIS-I/S observations totalling ~1 Ms, we detected 795 X-ray sources in the bulge, northeast, and southwest fields of M31, covering an area of approximately 0.6 deg$^{2}$, to a limiting unabsorbed 0.5-8.0 keV luminosity of $10^{34}$ erg/s. In the inner bulge, where exposure is approximately constant, X-ray fluxes represent average values because they were determined from many observations over a long period of time. Similarly, our catalogue is more complete in the bulge fi…
An ultraviolet survey of M31 has been carried out during 2017-19 with the UVIT instrument onboard the AstroSat Observatory. Here we match the M31 UVIT source catalog (Leahy et al. 2020) with the Chandra source catalog (Vulic et al. 2016). We find 67 UVIT/Chandra sources detected in a varying number of UV and X-ray bands. The UV and X-ray photometry is analyzed using powerlaw and blackbody models. The X-ray types include 15 LMXBs and 5 AGNs. Cross-matches with catalogs of stars, clusters and other source types yield the following. 20 of the UVIT/Chandra sources match with M31 globular clusters …
The $\textit{NuSTAR}$ Extragalactic Surveys: Source Catalogs from the Extended $\textit{Chandra}$ Deep Field-South and the $\textit{Chandra}$ Deep Field-North
We present improved point-source catalogs for the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North (CDF-N) and the 250 ks Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (E-CDF-S), implementing a number of recent improvements in Chandra source-cataloging methodology. For the CDF-N/E-CDF-S, we provide a main catalog that contains 683/1003 X-ray sources detected with wavdetect at a false-positive probability threshold of $10^{-5}$ that also satisfy a binomial-probability source-selection criterion of $P<0.004$/$P<0.002$. Such an approach maximizes the number of reliable sources detected: a total of 196/275 main-catalog sources …
We present the X-ray source catalog for the 479 ks Chandra exposure of the SDSS J1030+0524 field, that is centered on a region that shows the best evidence to date of an overdensity around a z > 6 quasar, and also includes a galaxy overdensity around a Compton-thick Fanaroff-Riley type II radio galaxy at z = 1.7. Using wavdetect for initial source detection and ACIS Extract for source photometry and significance assessment, we create preliminary catalogs of sources that are detected in the full, soft, and hard bands, respectively. We produce X-ray simulations that mirror our Chandra observatio…
The $Chandra$ archival data is a valuable resource for various studies on different topics of X-ray astronomy. In this paper, we utilize this wealth and present a uniformly processed data set, which can be used to address a wide range of scientific questions. The data analysis procedures are applied to 10,029 ACIS observations, which produces 363,530 source detections, belonging to 217,828 distinct X-ray sources. This number is twice the size of the $Chandra$ Source Catalog (Version 1.1). The catalogs in this paper provide abundant estimates of the detected X-ray source properties, including s…
The X-ray source populations within galaxies are typically difficult to identify and classify from X-ray data alone. We are able to break through this barrier by combining deep new Chandra ACIS-I observations with extensive Hubble Space Telescope imaging from the PHAT survey of the M31 disk. We detect 373 X-ray sources down to 0.35-8.0 keV flux of 10$^{-15}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ over 0.4 square degrees, 170 of which are reported for the first time. We identify optical counterpart candidates for 188 of the 373 sources, after using the HST data to correct the absolute astrometry of our Chandra…
As part of the Chandra Galactic Bulge Survey (GBS), we present a catalogue of optical sources in the GBS footprint. This consists of two regions centered at Galactic latitude b = 1.5 degrees above and below the Galactic Centre, spanning (l x b) = (6x1) degrees. The catalogue consists of 2 or more epochs of observations for each line of sight in r', i' and Hα filters. It is complete down to r' = 20.2 and i' = 19.2 mag; the mean 5σ depth is r' = 22.5 and i' = 21.1 mag. The mean root-mean-square residuals of the astrometric solutions is 0.04 arcsec. We cross-correlate this optical catalogue with …
The Chandra Deep Field-South Survey: 4 Ms Source Catalogs
我们提供了4毫秒钱德拉深场南（CDF-S）的点源星表，这是迄今为止钱德拉最深的巡天，覆盖面积为464. 5弧分^[2]。我们提供了一个主源目录，其中包含740个X射线点源，这些点源是用wavdetect在1 E-5的假阳性概率阈值下检测到的，并且还满足P<0.004的二项式概率源选择标准;这种方法旨在最大化检测到的可靠源的数量。与以前的2 M CDF-S主目录源相比，共有300个主目录源是新的。我们还提供了一个补充目录，其中包括36个源，在1 E-5的wavdetect检测，满足0.004< P<0.1，并有一个光学对应的R<24。多波长识别，基本的光学/红外/射电光度学，和光谱/光度红移提供的X射线源。对源的X射线和多波长特性的基本分析表明，>75%的主目录源是活动星系核;在300个新的主目录源中，大约35%可能是正常和星暴星系，反映了正常和星暴星系在4 Ms CDF-S唯一可达到的非常微弱的通量水平上的崛起。在4 Ms CDF-S的中心附近，观测到的活动星系核和星系源密度分别达到每平方度~9800和6900。4 Ms CDF-S的轴上通量极限分别为~9.1E-18和5.5E-17 erg/cm^2/s，分别用于软带和硬带。CDF-S暴露增加约2-2.5倍将提供进一步的显著增益和探测关键的未探索的发现空间。
We searched in the public archive of the Chandra X-ray Observatory as of March 2016 and assembled a sample of 719 galaxies within 50 Mpc with ACIS observations available. By cross-correlation with the optical or near-infrared nuclei of these galaxies, 314 of them are identified to have an X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN). The majority of them are low-luminosity AGNs and are unlikely X-ray binaries based upon their spatial distribution and luminosity functions. The AGN fraction is around 60% for elliptical galaxies and early-type spirals, but drops to roughly 20% for Sc and later types, cons…
We present X-ray source catalogs for the $\approx7$ Ms exposure of the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S), which covers a total area of 484.2 arcmin$^2$. Utilizing WAVDETECT for initial source detection and ACIS Extract for photometric extraction and significance assessment, we create a main source catalog containing 1008 sources that are detected in up to three X-ray bands: 0.5-7.0 keV, 0.5-2.0 keV, and 2-7 keV. A supplementary source catalog is also provided including 47 lower-significance sources that have bright ($K_s\le23$) near-infrared counterparts. We identify multiwavelength counterpart…
We report the results of a deep search for faint Chandra X-ray sources, radio sources, and optical counterparts in the nearby, core-collapsed globular cluster, NGC 6752. We combined new and archival Chandra imaging to detect 51 X-ray sources (12 of which are new) within the 1.9 arcmin half-light radius. Three radio sources in deep ATCA 5 and 9 GHz radio images match with Chandra sources. We have searched for optical identifications for the expanded Chandra source list using deep Hubble Space Telescope photometry in B, R, H-alpha, UV, and U. Among the entire sample of 51 Chandra sources, we ide…
Chandra Lensing-cluster Ultradeep Extragalactic Survey (CLUES) I: A 2 Ms Point-Source Catalog of the Abell 2744 Field
Peking University（北京大学）；Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Nanjing University（南京大学）；The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学引力与宇宙学研究所）
Ultra-deep catalog of X-ray groups in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South
钱德拉和XMM-牛顿对ECDF-S的超深观测使人们能够搜索扩展的X射线发射，其通量达到前所未有的$2\times10^{-16}$尔格s $^{-1}$ cm $^{-2}$。我们提出了搜索的空间尺度上的32 $^{\prime\prime}$在钱德拉和XMM数据，覆盖0.3平方度和模型的弧分尺度上的扩展发射。我们提出了一个目录的46光谱确定的群体，达到红移1.6。结果表明，ECDF-S的统计性质，如logN-logS和X射线光度函数与LCDM基本一致，但dn/dz/$Ω$检验表明，ECDF-S中$0.2<z<0.5$的红移范围是稀疏分布的.然而，由于附近结构的缺乏，使得在X射线和透镜中研究高红移群特别容易，因为聚集的前景水平较低。我们提出了星系群的一点和两点统计以及弱透镜分析，以表明所检测到的低光度系统确实是低质量系统。我们验证的适用性之间的标度关系的X射线光度和总质量的组，来自COSMOS调查，以较低的质量和较高的红移探测ECDF-S通过堆叠弱透镜和聚类分析，约束任何可能的偏差在30%的质量。节录。
The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of newly acquired X-ray observations of 16 extragalactic radio sources, listed in the Third Cambridge Revised (3CR) catalog, and not previously observed by Chandra. Observations were performed during Chandra Cycle 17, extending X-ray coverage for the 3CR extragalactic catalog up to $z$=1.5. Among the 16 targets, two lie at $z<$0.5 (i.e., 3CR27, at $z$=0.184 and 3CR69, at $z$=0.458), all the remaining 14 have redshifts between 1.0 and 1.5. In the current sample there are three compact steep spectrum (CSS) sources, three quasars and an FRI radio ga…
We present the results from Chandra X-ray observations, and near- and mid-infrared analysis, using VISTA/VVV and Spitzer/GLIMPSE catalogs, of the high-mass star-forming region IRAS 16562-3959, which contains a candidate for a high mass protostar. We detected 249 X-ray sources within the ACIS-I field-of-view. The majority of the X-ray sources have low count rates (< 0.638 cts/ks), and hard X-ray spectra. The search for YSOs in the region using VISTA/VVV and Spitzer/GLIMPSE catalogs resulted in a total of 799 YSOs, with 66 Class I and 733 Class II YSOs. The search for near- and mid-infrared coun…
Faint, hidden contaminants in the point-spread functions (PSFs) of stars cause shifts to their measured positions. Wilson & Naylor (2017) showed failing to account for these shifts can lead to a drastic decrease in the number of returned catalogue matches in crowded fields. Here we highlight the effect these perturbations have on cross-matching, for matches between Gaia DR2 and WISE stars in a crowded Galactic plane region. Applying the uncertainties as quoted to Gaussian-based astrometric uncertainty functions (AUFs) can lead, in dense Galactic fields, to only matching 55% of the counterparts…
To perform precise and accurate photometric catalogue cross-matches -- assigning counterparts between two separate datasets -- we need to describe all possible sources of uncertainty in object position. With ever-increasing time baselines between observations, like 2MASS in 2001 and the next generation of surveys, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's LSST, Euclid, and the Nancy Grace Roman telescope, it is crucial that we can robustly describe and model the effects of stellar motions on source positions in photometric catalogues. While Gaia has revolutionised astronomy with its high-precisi…
We describe a catalogue of gamma-ray source candidates, selected using the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) algorithm on the 9-years Fermi-LAT sky (Pass 8) at energies higher than 10 GeV. The extragalactic sky at absolute Galactic latitudes above 20 degrees has been investigated using rather restrictive selection criteria, resulting in a total sample of 1342 sources. Of these, 249 are new detections, not previously associated with gamma-ray catalogues. A large fraction of them have interesting counterparts, most likely blazars. In this paper the main results on the catalogue selection and search of…
Improving the capabilities of detecting faint X-ray sources is fundamental to increase the statistics on faint high-z AGN and star-forming galaxies. We performed a simultaneous Maximum Likelihood PSF fit in the [0.5-2] keV and [2-7] keV energy bands of the 4 Ms{\em Chandra} Deep Field South (CDFS) data at the position of the 34930 CANDELS H-band selected galaxies. For each detected source we provide X-ray photometry and optical counterpart validation. We validated this technique by means of a raytracing simulation. We detected a total of 698 X-ray point-sources with a likelihood $\mathcal{L}$$…
We offer to the star formation community the third installment of the Massive Star-forming Regions (MSFRs) Omnibus X-ray Catalog (MOXC3), a compilation of X-ray point sources detected in 50 archival Chandra/ACIS observations of 14 Galactic MSFRs and surrounding fields. The MOXC3 MSFRs are NGC 2264, NGC 6193, RCW 108-IR, Aur OB1, DR15, NGC 6231, Berkeley 87, NGC 6357, AFGL 4029, h Per (NGC 869), NGC 281, Onsala 2S, G305, and RCW 49 (Wd 2); they have distances of 0.7 kpc to 4.2 kpc. Most exhibit clumped or clustered young stellar populations; several contain at least two distinct massive young s…
