Towards a library of synthetic galaxy spectra and preliminary results of classification and parametrization of unresolved galaxies for Gaia - II
P. Tsalmantza, M. Kontizas, B. Rocca-Volmerange, C. A. L. Bailer-Jones, E. Kontizas, I. Bellas-Velidis, E. Livanou, R. Korakitis, A. Dapergolas, A. Vallenari, M. Fioc
This paper is the second in a series, implementing a classification system for Gaia observations of unresolved galaxies. Our goals are to determine spectral classes and estimate intrinsic astrophysical parameters via synthetic templates. Here we describe (1) a new extended library of synthetic galaxy spectra, (2) its comparison with various observations, and (3) first results of classification and parametrization experiments using simulated Gaia spectrophotometry of this library. Using the PEGASE.2 code, based on galaxy evolution models that take account of metallicity evolution, extinction correction, and emission lines (with stellar spectra based on the BaSeL library), we improved our first library and extended it to cover the domain of most of the SDSS catalogue. We produce an extended library of 28885 synthetic galaxy spectra at zero redshift covering four general Hubble types of galaxies, over the wavelength range between 250 and 1050 nm at a sampling of 1 nm or less. The library is also produced for 4 random values of redshift in the range of 0-0.2. It is computed on a random grid of four key astrophysical parameters (infall timescale and 3 parameters defining the SFR) and, depending on the galaxy type, on two values of the age of the galaxy. The synthetic library was compared and found to be in good agreement with various observations. The first results from the SVM classifiers and parametrizers are promising, indicating that Hubble types can be reliably predicted and several parameters estimated with low bias and variance.
For stars with unresolved companions, motions of the centre of light and that of mass decouple, causing a single-source astrometric model to perform poorly. We show that such stars can be easily detected with the reduced chi2 statistic, or RUWE, provided as part of Gaia DR2. We convert RUWE into the amplitude of the image centroid wobble, which, if scaled by the source distance, is proportional to the physical separation between companions (for periods up to several years). We test this idea on a sample of known spectroscopic binaries and demonstrate that the amplitude of the centroid perturba…
The latest Gaia data release enables us to accurately identify stars that are more luminous than would be expected on the basis of their spectral type and distance. During an investigation of the 329 best Solar twin candidates uncovered among the spectra acquired by the GALAH survey, we identified 64 such over-luminous stars. In order to investigate their exact composition, we developed a data-driven methodology that can generate a synthetic photometric signature and spectrum of a single star. By combining multiple such synthetic stars into an unresolved binary or triple system and comparing t…
Among the myriad of data collected by the ESA Gaia satellite, about 150 million spectra will be delivered by the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) for stars as faint as G_RVS~16. A specific stellar parametrization will be performed for most of these RVS spectra. Some individual chemical abundances will also be estimated for the brightest targets. We describe the different parametrization codes that have been specifically developed or adapted for RVS spectra within the GSP-spec working group of the analysis consortium. The tested codes are based on optimization (FERRE and GAUGUIN), projection …
21,864 Unresolved, Low-mass Binaries Identified via their Overluminosity in \textit{Gaia} DR3 and a Catalog of 347,440 Systems within 100 pc of the Sun
Georgia State University（佐治亚州立大学）；Planétarium de Montréal, Espace pour la Vie（蒙特利尔天文馆，生命空间）；Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal（特罗蒂尔系外行星研究所，蒙特利尔大学）；Vanderbilt University（范德堡大学）
paired: A Statistical Framework for Detecting Stellar Binarity with Gaia RVs. I. Sensitivity to Unresolved Binaries
University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）；Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute（纽约市立学院西蒙斯数据科学研究所计算天体物理中心）；School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University（蒙纳士大学物理与天文学院）；Center of Excellence for Astrophysics in Three Dimensions (ASTRO-3D)（三维天体物理学卓越中心）
The discovery of multiply-imaged gravitationally lensed QSOs is fundamental to many astronomical and cosmological studies. However, these objects are rare and challenging to discover due to requirements of high-angular resolution astrometric, multiwavelength photometric and spectroscopic data. This has limited the number of known systems to a few hundred objects. We aim to reduce the constraints on angular resolution and discover multiply-imaged QSO candidates by using new candidate selection principles based on unresolved photometric time-series and ground-based images from public surveys. We…
Multiple stellar systems are ubiquitous in the Milky Way, but are often unresolved and seen as single objects in spectroscopic, photometric, and astrometric surveys. Yet, modeling them is essential for developing a full understanding of large surveys such as Gaia, and connecting them to stellar and Galactic models. In this paper we address this problem by jointly fitting the Gaia and 2MASS photometric and astrometric data using a data-driven Bayesian hierarchical model that includes populations of binary and trinary systems. This allows us to classify observations into singles, binaries, and t…
Gaia will obtain astrometry and spectrophotometry for essentially all sources in the sky down to a broad band magnitude limit of G=20, an expected yield of 10^9 stars. Its main scientific objective is to reveal the formation and evolution of our Galaxy through chemo-dynamical analysis. In addition to inferring positions, parallaxes and proper motions from the astrometry, we must also infer the astrophysical parameters of the stars from the spectrophotometry, the BP/RP spectrum. Here we investigate the performance of three different algorithms (SVM, ILIUM, Aeneas) for estimating the effective t…
We present a data-driven method to estimate absolute magnitudes for O- and B-type stars from the LAMOST spectra, which we combine with {\it Gaia} parallaxes to infer distance and binarity. The method applies a neural network model trained on stars with precise {\it Gaia} parallax to the spectra and predicts $K_{\rm s}$-band absolute magnitudes $M_{Ks}$ with a precision of 0.25\,mag, which corresponds to a precision of 12\% in spectroscopic distance. For distant stars (e.g. $>5$\,kpc), the inclusion of constraints from spectroscopic $M_{Ks}$ significantly improves the distance estimates compare…
The Gaia astrometric mission - the Hipparcos successor - is described in some detail, with its three instruments: the two (spectro)photometers (BP and RP) covering the range 330-1050 nm, the white light (G-band) imager dedicated to astrometry, and the radial velocity spectrometer (RVS) covering the range 847-874 nm at a resolution R \simeq 11500. The whole sky will be scanned repeatedly providing data for ~10^9 point-like objects, down to a magnitude of V \simeq 20, aiming to the full 6D reconstruction of the Milky Way kinematical and dinamical structure with unprecendented precision. The hori…
The trajectory of the center of light of an unresolved binary is different from that of its center of mass. Binary-induced stellar centroid wobbling can therefore be detected as an excess in the goodness-of-fit of the single-star astrometric model. We use reduced $χ^2$ of the astrometric fit in the {\it Gaia} Early Data Release 3 to detect the likely unresolved double white dwarfs (DWDs). Using parallax-based distances we convert the excess of reduced $χ^2$ into the amplitude of the centroid wobble $δa$, which is proportional to the binary separation $a$. The measured $δa$ distribution drops t…
The ESA cornerstone mission Gaia was successfully launched in 2013, and is now scanning the sky to accurately measure the positions and motions of about two billion point-like sources of 3<V<20.5 mag, with the main goal of reconstructing the 6D phase space structure of the Milky Way. The typical uncertainties in the astrometry will be in the range 30-500 muas. The sky will be repeatedly scanned (70 times on average) for five years or more, adding the time dimension, and the Gaia data are complemented by mmag photometry in three broad bands, plus line-of-sight velocities from medium resolution …
We show how astrometric and spectroscopic errors introduced by an unresolved binary system can be combined to give estimates of the binary period and mass ratio. This can be performed analytically if we assume we see one or more full orbits over our observational baseline, or numerically for all other cases. We apply this method to Gaia DR3 data, combining the most recent astrometric and spectroscopic data. We compare inferred periods and mass ratios calculated using our method with orbital parameters measured for non-single stars in Gaia DR3 and find good agreement. Finally, we use this metho…
Symbiotic binaries in the Gaia data. II. Symbiotic candidates from general variability classification in DR3
Charles University（查理大学）；Astronomical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University（查理大学数学物理学院天文研究所）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利群岛天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉古纳大学）；Southern Spectroscopic Project Observatory Team (2SPOT)（南方光谱计划观测团队（2SPOT））；Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院尼古拉·哥白尼天文学中心）
M dwarf stars are the most common stars in the Galaxy, dominating the population of the Galaxy by numbers at faint magnitudes. Precise and accurate stellar parameters for M dwarfs are of crucial importance for many studies. However, the atmospheric parameters of M dwarf stars are difficult to be determined. In this paper, we present a catalog of the spectroscopic stellar parameters ($T_{eff}$ and [M/H]) of $\sim$ 300,000 M dwarf stars observed by both LAMOST and Gaia using Stellar Label Machine (SLAM). We train a SLAM model using LAMOST spectra with APOGEE Data Release 16 (DR16) labels with $2…
With its origin coming from several sources (Big Bang, stars, cosmic rays) and given its strong depletion during its stellar lifetime, the lithium element is of great interest as its chemical evolution in the Milky Way is not well understood at present. To help constrain stellar and galactic chemical evolution models, numerous and precise lithium abundances are necessary for a large range of evolutionary stages, metallicities, and Galactic volume. In the age of stellar parametrization on industrial scales, spectroscopic surveys such as APOGEE, GALAH, RAVE, and LAMOST have used data-driven meth…
Red dwarf stars, which represent 75% of stars in the Milky Way, can be studied in great detail in the solar neighborhood where the sample is more complete. We intend to better characterize red dwarf candidates selected from the Gaia Catalog of Nearby Stars using optical and near-infrared photometry from the VVVX Survey, DECaPS, Pan-STARRS, and WISE. We performed a cross-matching procedure among the positions of a color-selected sample of M dwarfs in the VVVX Survey and the Gaia EDR3 sub-catalog of nearby stars. We explored their stellar parameters and spectral types using VOSA. Radii were also…
The Gaia satellite will survey the entire celestial sphere down to 20th magnitude, obtaining astrometry, photometry, and low resolution spectrophotometry on one billion astronomical sources, plus radial velocities for over one hundred million stars. Its main objective is to take a census of the stellar content of our Galaxy, with the goal of revealing its formation and evolution. Gaia's unique feature is the measurement of parallaxes and proper motions with hitherto unparalleled accuracy for many objects. As a survey, the physical properties of most of these objects are unknown. Here we descri…
The T-GEX project. I. Stealth UV-bright Sun-like stars in the Galaxy as candidate contributors to the UV upturn
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile（智利天主教 Pontificia 大学）；INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所 - 阿切尔奇天文台）；Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院尼古拉·哥白尼天文中心）；Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo（圣保罗大学天文、地球物理与大气科学研究所）
