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arXiv 0907.1286quant-ph
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关于贝尔不等式的qudits的几何性质

Geometrical aspects of qudits concerning Bell inequalities

Christoph Spengler

摘要:

本论文的主要目的是研究有限维二体系统的量子纠缠和量子非定域性。纠缠是量子理论中最迷人的非经典特性之一,除了对我们的世界观产生影响外,它还可以用于量子密码学和量子计算等应用。(...)虽然纠缠和非定域性通常被认为是一回事,但在仔细考虑下,这不能被视为理所当然。其原因是纠缠是由复合希尔伯特空间中量子态的数学结构定义的,而非定域性意味着系统的统计行为不能用局部现实理论描述。对于后者,这类理论的相关概率必须服从所谓的贝尔不等式,而某些量子态则违反了贝尔不等式。本论文的主要重点是对这两种性质进行比较,目的是了解它们之间的关系。(...)由于相关概率通常取决于测量设置,因此有必要优化这些设置以揭示非定域性。针对一个特殊的贝尔不等式(CGMLP),利用自行开发的数值搜索算法求解了该问题.然后将该方法应用于最大纠缠两量子态投影子空间的密度矩阵。这些国家(…)用于几何地可视化和分析状态空间。

英文摘要:

The aim of this thesis is to investigate quantum entanglement and quantum nonlocality of bipartite finite-dimensional systems (bipartite qudits). Entanglement is one of the most fascinating non-classical features of quantum theory, and besides its impact on our view of the world, it can be exploited for applications such as quantum cryptography and quantum computing. (...) Although entanglement and nonlocality are ordinarily regarded as one and the same, under close consideration this cannot be taken for granted. The reason for this is that entanglement is defined by the mathematical structure of a quantum state in a composite Hilbert space, whereas nonlocality signifies that the statistical behaviour of a system cannot be described by a local realistic theory. For the latter it is essential that the correlation probabilities of such theories obey so-called Bell inequalities, which are violated for certain quantum states. The main focus of this thesis is on the comparison of both properties with the objective of understanding their relation. (...) Because of the fact that the correlation probabilities in general depend on the measurement settings it is necessary to optimise these in order to reveal nonlocality. This problem is solved for a particular Bell inequality (CGMLP) by means of a self-developed numerical search algorithm. The method is then applied to density matrices of a subspace spanned by the projectors of maximally entangled two-qudit states. This set of states (...) serves to visualise and analyse the state space geometrically.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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