Yanling Shao, Jian Shen, Yubin Gao
In this paper, we study the kth upper bases of primitive non-powerful signed digraphs. A bound on the kth upper bases of all primitive non-powerful signed digraphs is obtained, and the equality case of the bound is characterized. We also show that there exists "gap" in the kth upper base set of primitive non-powerful signed digraphs.
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In this paper we extend the concept of energy to signed digraphs. We obtain Coulson's integral formula for energy of signed digraphs. Formulae for energies of signed directed cycles are computed and it is shown that energy of non cycle balanced signed directed cycles increases monotonically with respect to number of vertices. Characterization of signed digraphs having energy equal to zero is given. We extend the concept of non complete extended $p$ sum (or briefly, NEPS) to signed digraphs. An infinite family of equienergetic signed digraphs is constructed. Moreover, we extend McClelland's ine…
On singular values and trace norm of signed digraphs
研究有向符号图邻接矩阵的奇异值，发现单圈和双圈有向图的奇异值在符号变化下保持不变，并利用奇异值的交错性质刻画秩为1的有向符号图，进而给出迹范数的下界及极图刻画。
The concept of energy of a signed digraph is extended to iota energy of a signed digraph. The energy of a signed digraph $S$ is defined by $E(S)=\sum_{k=1}^n|\text{Re}(z_k)|$, where $\text{Re}(z_k)$ is the real part of eigenvalue $z_k$ and $z_k$ is the eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $S$ with $n$ vertices, $k=1,2,\ldots,n$. Then the iota energy of $S$ is defined by $E(S)=\sum_{k=1}^n|\text{Im}(z_k)|$, where $\text{Im}(z_k)$ is the imaginary part of eigenvalue $z_k$. In this paper, we consider a special graph class for bicyclic signed digraphs $\mathcal{S}_n$ with $n$ vertices which have …
The set of distinct eigenvalues of a signed digraph $S$ together with their multiplicities is called its spectrum. The energy of a signed digraph $S$ with eigenvalues $z_1,z_2,\cdots,z_n$ is defined as $E(S)=\sum_{j=1}^{n}|\Re z_j|$, where $\Re z_j $ denotes real part of complex number $z_j$. In this paper, we show that the characteristic polynomial of a bipartite signed digraph of order $n$ with each cycle of length $\equiv 0\pmod 4$ negative and each cycle of length $\equiv 2\pmod 4$ positive is of the form \\ $$ϕ_S(z)=z^n+\sum\limits_{j=1}^{\lfloor{\frac{n}{2}}\rfloor}(-1)^j c_{2j}(S)z^{n-2…
In this paper, we consider the local bases of primitive nonpowerful sign pattern matrices, show that there are "gaps" in the local base set and characterize some sign pattern matrices with given local bases.
We associate a signed digraph with a list of matrices whose dimensions permit them to be multiplied, and whose product is square. Cycles in this graph have a parity, that is, they are either even (termed e-cycles) or odd (termed o-cycles). The absence of e-cycles in the graph is shown to imply that the matrix product is a P0-matrix, i.e., all of its principal minors are nonnegative. Conversely, the presence of an e-cycle is shown to imply that there exists a list of matrices associated with the graph whose product fails to be a P0-matrix. The results generalise a number of previous results rel…
On Spectra of $\mathbb{T}$-Gain Digraphs
该研究发展了$\boldsymbol{\top}$-增益有向图的增益邻接、拉普拉斯等矩阵的谱理论，扩展了相关经典结果，确定了单圈有向图的谱，并刻画了圈平衡等性质。
A signed graph is a pair $(G,τ)$ of a graph $G$ and its sign $τ$, where a \textit{sign} $τ$ is a function from $\{ (e,v)\mid e\in E(G),v\in V(G), v\in e\}$ to $\{1,-1\}$. Note that graphs or digraphs are special cases of signed graphs. In this paper, we study the toric ideal $I_{(G,τ)}$ associated with a signed graph $(G,τ)$, and the results of the paper give a unified idea to explain some known results on the toric ideals of a graph or a digraph. We characterize all primitive binomials of $I_{(G,τ)}$, and then focus on the complete intersection property. More precisely, we find a complete lis…
The energy and iota energy of signed digraphs are respectively defined as the sum of absolute values of real parts and sum of absolute values of imaginary parts of its eigenvalues. Recently, Yang and Wang (2018) find the energy and iota energy ordering of digraphs in D(n) and compute the maximal energy and iota energy, where D(n) denotes the set of vertex-disjoint bicyclic digraphs of a fixed order n. In this paper, we investigate the energy ordering of signed digraphs in D(n,s) and finds the maximal energy, where D(n,s) denotes the set of vertex-disjoint bicyclic sidigraphs of a fixed order n…
The spectral properties of signed directed graphs, which may be naturally obtained by assigning a sign to each edge of a directed graph, have received substantially less attention than those of their undirected and/or unsigned counterparts. To represent such signed directed graphs, we use a striking equivalence to $\mathbb{T}_6$-gain graphs to formulate a Hermitian adjacency matrix, whose entries are the unit Eisenstein integers $\exp(kπi/3),$ $k\in \mathbb{Z}_6.$ Many well-known results, such as (gain) switching and eigenvalue interlacing, naturally carry over to this paradigm. We show that n…
Signed GLMY Homology of Signed Graphs via Double Covers
本文通过双覆盖定义带符号图的符号GLMY同调，证明其切换不变性、与符号拉普拉斯核的联系及函子性，并分类五顶点九箭头有向图的512种符号得到四个Betti向量。
Obstruction characterization of co-TT graphs
本文通过二邻接矩阵和邻接矩阵刻画带符号区间二部图与区间图，并利用几何表示解决了co-TT图极小禁止导出子图刻画的开放问题。
Does the interaction graph of a finite dynamical system can force this system to have a "complex" dynamics ? In other words, given a finite interval of integers $A$, which are the signed digraphs $G$ such that every finite dynamical system $f:A^n\to A^n$ with $G$ as interaction graph has a "complex" dynamics ? If $|A|\geq 3$ we prove that no such signed digraph exists. More precisely, we prove that for every signed digraph $G$ there exists a system $f:A^n\to A^n$ with $G$ as interaction graph that converges toward a unique fixed point in at most $\lfloor\log_2 n\rfloor+2$ steps. The boolean ca…
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