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arXiv 0907.1083astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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低消光Ia型超新星中钠吸收的变化

Variable Sodium Absorption in a Low-Extinction Type Ia Supernova

Joshua D. Simon, Avishay Gal-Yam, Orly Gnat, Robert M. Quimby, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Jeffrey M. Silverman, Stephane Blondin, Weidong Li, Alexei V. Filippenko, J.… 展开作者

Joshua D. Simon, Avishay Gal-Yam, Orly Gnat, Robert M. Quimby, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Jeffrey M. Silverman, Stephane Blondin, Weidong Li, Alexei V. Filippenko, J. Craig Wheeler, Robert P. Kirshner, Ferdinando Patat, Peter Nugent, Ryan J. Foley, Steven S. Vogt, R. Paul Butler, Kathryn M. G. Peek, Erik Rosolowsky, Gregory J. Herczeg, Daniel N. Sauer, Paolo A. Mazzali

摘要:

最近的观测表明,一些Ia型超新星表现出窄的,随时间变化的Na I D吸收特征。吸收物质的起源存在争议,但它可能表明爆炸前祖星系统中存在星周气体,这对超新星祖星的性质具有重大影响。我们提出了第三次检测这种可变吸收,基于六个时代的高分辨率光谱的Ia型超新星SN 2007 le从凯克和HET。数据跨度约3个月,从最大光照前5天到最大光照后90天。我们发现Na D吸收线的一个分量随时间显著增强,表明总柱密度增加了约2.5 x 10^12 cm^-2。这些变化在最大光照后最为显著,而不是在SN的紫外线通量达到峰值的早期。与SN 2006 X一样,我们在同一时间段内没有检测到Ca II H&K线的变化,这使得视线效应不太可能,并表明吸收材料的拱星起源。与前两颗SN不同,SN 2007 le的红度并不高(E_B-V = 0.27等),也是因为星周吸收而非星际吸收。光致电离模型表明,这些数据与距离爆炸约0.1 pc处的一个或多个致密(10^7 cm^-3)气体云相一致。这些结果广泛支持以前提出的单简并方案来解释可变吸收,从一个非简并伴星负责提供拱星气体的质量损失。我们还提出了与SN相关的窄Halpha发射的初步证据,这将需要后期的后续观测来证实。[删节]

英文摘要:

Recent observations have revealed that some Type Ia supernovae exhibit narrow, time-variable Na I D absorption features. The origin of the absorbing material is controversial, but it may suggest the presence of circumstellar gas in the progenitor system prior to the explosion, with significant implications for the nature of the supernova progenitors. We present the third detection of such variable absorption, based on six epochs of high-resolution spectroscopy of the Type Ia supernova SN 2007le from Keck and the HET. The data span ~3 months, from 5 days before maximum light to 90 days after maximum. We find that one component of the Na D absorption lines strengthened significantly with time, indicating a total column density increase of ~2.5 x 10^12 cm^-2. The changes are most prominent after maximum light rather than at earlier times when the UV flux from the SN peaks. As with SN 2006X, we detect no change in the Ca II H&K lines over the same time period, rendering line-of-sight effects improbable and suggesting a circumstellar origin for the absorbing material. Unlike the previous two SNe exhibiting variable absorption, SN 2007le is not highly reddened (E_B-V = 0.27 mag), also pointing toward circumstellar rather than interstellar absorption. Photoionization models show that the data are consistent with a dense (10^7 cm^-3) cloud or clouds of gas located ~0.1 pc from the explosion. These results broadly support the single-degenerate scenario previously proposed to explain the variable absorption, with mass loss from a nondegenerate companion star responsible for providing the circumstellar gas. We also present tentative evidence for narrow Halpha emission associated with the SN, which will require followup observations at late times to confirm. [abridged]

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