The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission is produced by cosmic rays (CRs) interacting with the interstellar gas and radiation field. Measurements by the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory indicated excess gamma-ray emission > 1 GeV relative to diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission models consistent with directly measured CR spectra (the so-called ``EGRET GeV excess''). The excess emission was observed in all directions on the sky, and a variety of explanations have been proposed, including beyond-the-Standard-Model scenarios like annihilating or decaying dark matter. The Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has measured the diffuse gamma-ray emission with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution. We report on LAT measurements of the diffuse gamma-ray emission for energies 100 MeV to 10 GeV and Galactic latitudes 10 deg. <= |b| <= 20 deg. The LAT spectrum for this region of the sky is well reproduced by the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission models mentioned above and inconsistent with the EGRET GeV excess.
The spectral data on the diffuse Galactic gamma-rays, at medium and high latitudes (|b| > 10) and energies of 1-100 GeV, recently published by the Fermi Collaboration are used to produce a novel study on the gamma-ray emissivity in the Galaxy. We focus on analyzing the properties of propagation of cosmic rays (CRs), using the publicly available DRAGON code. We critically address some of the models for the interstellar HI and H2 gas distributions commonly used in the literature, as well as test a variety of propagation models. Each model assumes a distinct global profile for the diffusion and t…
The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission is produced by cosmic rays (CRs) interacting with the interstellar gas and radiation field. Measurements by the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory indicated excess gamma-ray emission > 1 GeV relative to diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission models consistent with directly measured CR spectra (the so-called ``EGRET GeV excess''). The excess emission was observed in all directions on the sky, and a variety of explanations have been proposed, including beyond-the-Standard-Model scenarios like annih…
Millisecond Pulsars are second most abundant source population discovered by the Fermi-LAT. They might contribute non-negligibly to the diffuse emission measured at high latitudes by Fermi-LAT, the IDGRB. Gamma-ray sources also contribute to the anisotropy of the IDGRB measured on small scales by Fermi-LAT. We aim to assess the contribution of the unresolved counterpart of the detected MSPs population to the IDGRB and the maximal fraction of the measured anisotropy produced by this source class. We model the MSPs spatial distribution in the Galaxy and the gamma-ray emission parameters by consi…
The Fermi Bubbles were discovered about a decade ago in the {\it Fermi}-LAT data as a double-lobe structure extending up to 55 deg. in Galactic latitudes above and below the Galactic Center. At the moment their origin is still unknown. The H.E.S.S. collaboration is currently performing the first ever survey in TeV gamma rays of the Milky Way inner region: the Inner Galaxy Survey. This survey is intended to achieve the best sensitivity to faint and diffuse emissions in a region of several degrees around the Galactic Centre. It provides an unprecedented sensitivity to dark matter signals, new di…
Measuring the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray flux in the TeV range is difficult for ground-based gamma-ray telescopes because of the residual cosmic-ray background, which is higher than the gamma-ray flux by several orders of magnitude. Its detection is also challenging for space-based telescopes because of low signal statistics. We characterize the diffuse TeV flux from the Galaxy using decade-long exposures of the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Considering that the level of diffuse Galactic emission in the TeV band approaches the level of residual cosmic-ray background, we estimated the level of re…
This is the first of a series of papers aimed at characterizing the populations detected in the high-latitude sky of the {\it Fermi}-LAT survey. In this work we focus on the intrinsic spectral and flux properties of the source sample. We show that when selection effects are properly taken into account, {\it Fermi} sources are on average steeper than previously found (e.g. in the bright source list) with an average photon index of 2.40$\pm0.02$ over the entire 0.1--100\,GeV energy band. We confirm that FSRQs have steeper spectra than BL Lac objects with an average index of 2.48$\pm0.02$ versus …
We study the high latitude (|b|>10) diffuse gamma-ray emission in the Galaxy in light of the recently published data from the Fermi collaboration at energies between 100 MeV and 100 GeV. The unprecedented accuracy in these measurements allows to probe and constrain the properties of sources and propagation of cosmic rays (CRs) in the Galaxy, as well as confirming conventional assumptions made on the interstellar medium (ISM). Using the publicly available DRAGON code, that has been shown to reproduce local measurements of CRs, we study assumptions made in the literature on HI and H2 gas distrib…
Measurement of diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Milky Way with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) is difficult because of high level of charged cosmic ray background and small field-of-view. We show that such a measurement is nevertheless possible in the energy band 10-100 TeV. The minimal charged particle background for IACTs is achieved in event selections used for the analyses of the cosmic ray electrons. Tight cuts on the event quality in these event selections allow to achieve the background level sufficiently low to allow the measurements of the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray…
We analyse 8 years of PASS 8 Fermi-LAT data, in the 60 MeV - 300 GeV energy range, from 30 high Galactic latitude globular clusters. Six of these globular clusters are detected with a TS > 25, with NGC 6254 being detected as gamma-ray bright for the first time. The most significant detection is of the well-known globular cluster 47 Tuc, and we produce a refined spectral fit for this object with a log parabola model. NGC 6093, NGC 6752 and NGC 6254 are fitted with hard, flat power law models, NGC 7078 is best fitted with a soft power law and NGC 6218 is best fitted with a hard, broken power law…
Tibet AS-gamma collaboration has recently reported detection of gamma-rays with energies up to Peta-electronvolt from parts of the Galactic plane. We notice that the analysis of gamma-ray flux by the Tibet AS-gamma experiment also implies an upper bound on the diffuse gamma-ray flux from high Galactic latitudes(|b|>20 degrees) in the energy range between 100 TeV and 1 PeV. This bound is up to an order-of-magnitude stronger than previously derived bounds from GRAPES3, KASCADE and CASA-MIA experiments. We discuss the new TibetAS-gamma limit on high Galactic latitude gamma-ray flux in the context…
A shock-accelerated particle flux \propto p^-s, where p is the particle momentum, follows from simple theoretical considerations of cosmic-ray acceleration at nonrelativistic shocks followed by rigidity-dependent escape into the Galactic halo. A flux of shock-accelerated cosmic-ray protons with s ~ 2.8 provides an adequate fit to the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray emission spectra of high-latitude and molecular cloud gas when uncertainties in nuclear production models are considered. A break in the spectrum of cosmic-ray protons claimed by Neronov, Semikoz, & Taylor (PRL, 108, 051105, 2012) when fitting …
Recently, AMS-02 reported their observed results of cosmic rays(CRs). In addition to the AMS-02 data, we add HESS data to estimate the spectra of CR electrons and the diffuse gamma rays above TeV. In the conventional diffusion model, a global analysis is performed on the spectral features of CR electrons and the diffuse gamma rays by GALRPOP package. The results show that the spectrum structure of the primary component of CR electrons can not be fully reproduced by a simple power law and the relevant break is around hundred GeV. At 99\% C.L., the injection indices above the break decrease from…
An important contribution to the gamma-ray emission of our Galaxy is the Galactic Diffuse emission. We present specific developments within the PICARD code for modeling of Galactic cosmic ray propagation that are relevant for the computation of the gamma-ray emission to accommodate a new Interstellar Radiation Field (ISRF) model. We study the differences of the individual ISRF models on Galactic Diffuse gamma-ray emission predictions in the GeV to the TeV energy regime. Emphasis was laid on obtaining robust predictions for observable signatures in the very high energy gamma-ray regime with a s…
We study diffuse gamma-ray emission at intermediate Galactic latitudes measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope with the aim of searching for a signal from dark matter annihilation or decay. In the absence of a robust dark matter signal, constraints are presented. We set both, conservative dark matter limits requiring that the dark matter signal does not exceed the observed diffuse gamma-ray emission and limits derived based on modeling the foreground astrophysical diffuse emission. Uncertainties in several parameters which characterize conventional astrophysical emission are taken into acco…
The quantitative measurement of OVII line intensity is a powerful method for understanding the soft X-ray diffuse background. By systematically analyzing the OVII line intensity in 145 high-latitude Suzaku/XIS observations, the flux of OI fluorescent line in the XIS spectrum, contaminating the OVII line, is found to have an increasing trend with time especially after 2011. For these observations, the OVII line intensity would be overestimated unless taking into consideration the OI fluorescent line contamination. Since the OI line emission originates from solar X-rays, this increase suggests t…
We estimate the sensitivity of LHAASO telescope for the large angular scale diffuse gamma-ray flux in multi-TeV - multi-PeV energy range. We discuss possible sources of the signal in this energy range including the guaranteed flux from cosmic ray interactions in the interstellar medium and possible flux from decaying dark matter. We show that LHAASO will be able to detect the diffuse cosmic ray induced gamma-ray flux up to high Galactic latitude regions thus providing firm identification of the Galactic cosmic ray component of the astrophysical neutrino signal detected by IceCube and clarifica…
A Galactic cosmic-ray transport model featuring non-homogeneous transport has been developed over the latest years. This setup is aimed at reproducing gamma-ray observations in different regions of the Galaxy (with particular focus on the progressive hardening of the hadronic spectrum in the inner Galaxy) and was shown to be compatible with the very-high-energy gamma-ray diffuse emission recently detected up to PeV energies. In this work, we extend the results previously presented to test the reliability of that model throughout the whole sky. To this aim, we compare our predictions with detai…
Recent precision measurements of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) arrival directions, spectrum and parameters related to the mass of the primary particle have been done by the HiRes, Pierre Auger and Telescope Array (TA) Observatories. In this paper, distributions of arrival directions of events in the nearby Universe are assumed to correlate with sources in the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS), IRAS 1.2 Jy Survey, Palermo Swift-BAT and Swift-BAT catalogs, and the effect of the latitude of the observatory on the measurement of the energy spectrum and on the capability of measuring anisotr…
The LAT instrument on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope is performing an all-sky survey from 20 MeV to 300 GeV with unprecedented statistics and angular resolution. This is providing a wealth of new information on the non-thermal emission from the Galactic interstellar medium with implications for cosmic rays and Galactic structure. First results at intermediate latitudes have already shown good agreement with predictions based on direct measurements of cosmic rays, suggesting that at least the local (within about 1 kpc from the Sun) gamma-ray emission is understood. We will present the firs…
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are an emerging class of bright, highly dispersed radio pulses. Recent work by Thornton et al. (2013) has revealed a population of FRBs in the High Time Resolution Universe (HTRU) survey at high Galactic latitudes. A variety of progenitors have been proposed including cataclysmic events at cosmological distances, Galactic flare stars, and terrestrial radio frequency interference. Here we report on a search for FRBs at intermediate Galactic latitudes ($-15^{\circ}$ $< b <$ 15$^{\circ}$) in data taken as part of the HTRU survey. No FRBs were discovered in this region. Se…
We study diffuse gamma-ray emission at intermediate Galactic latitudes measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope with the aim of searching for a signal from dark matter annihilation or decay. In the absence of a robust dark matter signal, we set conservative dark matter limits requiring that the dark matter signal does not exceed the observed diffuse gamma-ray emission. A second set of more stringent limits is derived based on modeling the foreground astrophysical diffuse emission. Uncertainties in the height of the diffusive cosmic-ray halo, the distribution of the cosmic-ray sources in the …
A signal of high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos from unknown source(s) was recently discovered by the IceCube experiment. Neutrinos are always produced together with gamma-rays, but the gamma-ray flux from extragalactic sources is suppressed due to attenuation in the intergalactic medium. We report the discovery of a gamma-ray excess at high Galactic latitudes starting at energies 300 GeV in the data of the Fermi telescope. We show that the multi-TeV gamma-ray diffuse emission has spectral characteristics at both low and high Galactic latitudes compatible with those of the IceCube high neut…
The gamma-ray sky >100 MeV is dominated by the diffuse emissions from interactions of cosmic rays with the interstellar gas and radiation fields of the Milky Way. Observations of these diffuse emissions provide a tool to study cosmic-ray origin and propagation, and the interstellar medium. We present measurements from the first 21 months of the Fermi-LAT mission and compare with models of the diffuse gamma-ray emission generated using the GALPROP code. The models are fitted to cosmic-ray data and incorporate astrophysical input for the distribution of cosmic-ray sources, interstellar gas and r…
Observations by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the \textit{Fermi} mission of diffuse $γ$-rays in a mid-latitude region in the third quadrant (Galactic longitude $l$ from $200\arcdeg$ to $260\arcdeg$ and latitude $| b |$ from $22\arcdeg$ to $60\arcdeg$) are reported. The region contains no known large molecular cloud and most of the atomic hydrogen is within 1 kpc of the solar system. The contributions of $γ$-ray point sources and inverse Compton scattering are estimated and subtracted. The residual $γ$-ray intensity exhibits a linear correlation with the atomic gas column density in energy …
Gamma rays from young pulsars and milli-second pulsars are expected to contribute to the diffuse gamma-ray emission measured by the {\it Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT) at high latitudes. We derive the contribution of the pulsars undetected counterpart by using information from radio to gamma rays and we show that they explain only a small fraction of the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray background.
We report on the discovery of two gamma-ray sources at E > 200 GeV with VERITAS: RX J0648.7+1516 and VER J0521+211. Both sources are located at low galactic latitudes (|b| < 10 deg), and were previously classified as active galactic nuclei of unknown type. The discovery and characterization of gamma-ray emission together with follow-up optical spectroscopy permitted the identification of RX J0648.7+1516 and VER J0521+211 as BL Lac-type blazars. In the case of RX J0648.7+1516, a spectroscopic redshift of z = 0.179 was derived.
H.E.S.S. has recently completed a systematic survey of the Galactic plane in the TeV energy domain. We analyze the flux, latitude and longitude distributions of $γ-$ray sources observed by H.E.S.S. in order to infer the properties of Galactic TeV source population. We show that the total Milky-Way luminosity in the 1-100 TeV energy range is $L_{\rm MW} = 1.7^{+0.5}_{-0.4}\times 10^{37} {\rm ergs}\,{\rm sec}^{-1}$. Evaluating the cumulative flux expected at Earth by the considered population, we show that H.E.S.S. unresolved sources provide a relevant contribution to the diffuse Galactic emissi…
We describe a catalogue of gamma-ray source candidates, selected using the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) algorithm on the 9-years Fermi-LAT sky (Pass 8) at energies higher than 10 GeV. The extragalactic sky at absolute Galactic latitudes above 20 degrees has been investigated using rather restrictive selection criteria, resulting in a total sample of 1342 sources. Of these, 249 are new detections, not previously associated with gamma-ray catalogues. A large fraction of them have interesting counterparts, most likely blazars. In this paper the main results on the catalogue selection and search of…
We investigate whether the sky rate of Fast Radio Bursts depends on Galactic latitude using the first catalog of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) Project. We first select CHIME/FRB events above a specified sensitivity threshold in consideration of the radiometer equation, and then compare these detections with the expected cumulative time-weighted exposure using Anderson-Darling and Kolmogrov-Smirnov tests. These tests are consistent with the null hypothesis that FRBs are distributed without Galactic latitude d…
We show that the Galactic latitude distribution of IceCube astrophysical neutrino events with energies above 100~TeV is inconsistent with the isotropic model of the astrophysical neutrino flux. Namely, the Galactic latitude distribution of the events shows an excess at low latitudes |b|<10 degrees and a deficit at high Galactic latitude |b|> 50 degrees. We use Monte-Carlo simulations to show that the inconsistency of the isotropic signal model with the data is at > 3 sigma level, after the account of trial factors related to the choice of the low-energy threshold and Galactic latitude binning …
