KamLAND中宇宙μ子散射产生放射性同位素
Production of Radioactive Isotopes through Cosmic Muon Spallation in KamLAND
摘要：
宇宙μ介子散射产生的放射性同位素是$ν$探测器、双$β$衰变实验和暗物质搜索中稀有事件探测的背景。理解宇宙起源背景的性质对于未来旨在确定PEP和CNO太阳中微子通量的实验特别重要，因为背景主要是由$^{11}$ C的Spectrometric产生。来自Kamioka液体闪烁体反中微子探测器（KamLAND）的数据为更好地理解这些背景提供了有价值的信息，特别是在液体闪烁器中，并检查基于MUSIC，FLUKA和GEANT 4的当前模拟的估计。利用探测到的μ子和中子俘获之间的时间相关性，测量KamLAND液体闪烁体中的中子产生产额为$(2.8 \pm 0.3) \times 10^{-4} μ^{-1} g^{-1} cm^{2}$。对于其他同位素，产率是根据与已知同位素寿命相关的观测时间相关性确定的。我们发现一些产量是不一致的外推加速器μ子束实验的基础上。
英文摘要：
Radioactive isotopes produced through cosmic muon spallation are a background for rare-event detection in $ν$ detectors, double-$β$-decay experiments, and dark-matter searches. Understanding the nature of cosmogenic backgrounds is particularly important for future experiments aiming to determine the pep and CNO solar neutrino fluxes, for which the background is dominated by the spallation production of $^{11}$C. Data from the Kamioka liquid-scintillator antineutrino detector (KamLAND) provides valuable information for better understanding these backgrounds, especially in liquid scintillators, and for checking estimates from current simulations based upon MUSIC, FLUKA, and GEANT4. Using the time correlation between detected muons and neutron captures, the neutron production yield in the KamLAND liquid scintillator is measured to be $(2.8 \pm 0.3) \times 10^{-4} μ^{-1} g^{-1} cm^{2}$. For other isotopes, the production yield is determined from the observed time correlation related to known isotope lifetimes. We find some yields are inconsistent with extrapolations based on an accelerator muon beam experiment.
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