宏观实在论与时空连续性
Macroscopic realism and spatiotemporal continuity
摘要：
宏观实在论（Macroscopic realism）是莱格特和加格提出的一种世界观，在这种世界观中，宏观系统的性质独立于测量而存在，也不受测量的影响。受牛顿力学或麦克斯韦电动力学等经典物理定律的启发，在这项工作中，我们增加了一个限制性假设，即宏观物体的可观测量在空间和时间中不断演化。量子理论既违反宏观实在论，也违反连续性假设。虽然退相干或崩溃模型（例如，由于一个普遍的噪声背景或引力自能）可以恢复宏观现实主义，我们表明，一个连续的时空描述一般是不可能的。这为经典世界如何从量子领域中产生的问题提供了新的线索。
英文摘要：
Macroscopic realism, as introduced by Leggett and Garg, is the world view in which properties of macroscopic systems exist independent of and are not influenced by measurement. Motivated by classical physical laws such as Newtonian mechanics or Maxwell's electrodynamics, in this work we add the restrictive postulate that the observables of macroscopic objects are evolved continuously through space and time. Quantum theory violates both macroscopic realism and the continuity assumption. While decoherence or collapse models (e.g. due to a universal noise background or gravitational self energy) can restore macroscopic realism, we show that a continuous spatiotemporal description does not become possible in general. This shines new light on the question how the classical world arises out of the quantum realm.
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