铷原子D2谱线调频光非线性旋光的磁灵敏度优化
Magnetometric sensitivity optimization for nonlinear optical rotation with frequency-modulated light: rubidium D2 line
摘要：
处于基态的碱原子的原子自旋极化可以在与石蜡涂层细胞壁的数千次碰撞中幸存下来。由此产生的长自旋弛豫时间实现抽真空，石蜡涂层的细胞，使原子自旋进动和基态塞曼子能级的能量位移的精确测量。在本工作中，非线性磁光旋转频率调制光（FM NMOR）被用来测量磁场诱导的自旋旋进的铷原子中的石蜡涂层的细胞。本文研究了铷D2线调频NMOR的磁敏灵敏度随光功率、失谐量、调频幅度和铷蒸气密度的变化。对于温度T ~ 35 ℃的5 cm直径电池，发现最佳散粒噪声投影磁力灵敏度为2 x 10^{-11} G/Hz^{1/2}（对应于对自旋进动频率的灵敏度为~ 10 microHz/Hz^{1/2}或对塞曼次能级位移的灵敏度为~ 4 x 10^{-20} eV/Hz^{1/2}）。
英文摘要：
Atomic spin polarization of alkali atoms in the ground state can survive thousands of collisions with paraffin-coated cell walls. The resulting long spin-relaxation times achieved in evacuated, paraffin-coated cells enable precise measurement of atomic spin precession and energy shifts of ground-state Zeeman sublevels. In the present work, nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency-modulated light (FM NMOR) is used to measure magnetic-field-induced spin precession for rubidium atoms contained in a paraffin-coated cell. The magnetometric sensitivity of FM NMOR for the rubidium D2 line is studied as a function of light power, detuning, frequency-modulation amplitude, and rubidium vapor density. For a 5-cm diameter cell at temperature T ~ 35 degrees C, the optimal shot-noise-projected magnetometric sensitivity is found to be 2 x 10^{-11} G/Hz^{1/2} (corresponding to a sensitivity to spin precession frequency of ~ 10 microHz/Hz^{1/2} or a sensitivity to Zeeman sublevel shifts of ~ 4 x 10^{-20} eV/Hz^{1/2}).
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