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arXiv 0906.2870astro-ph.SR
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在H2中发现的赫布里底星云中的结

Knots in the Helix Nebula found in H2

M. Matsuura, A. K. Speck, B. M. McHunu, I. Tanaka, N. J. Wright, M. D. Smith, A. A. Zijlstra, S. Viti, R. Wesson

摘要:

我们在2.12微米的H2 v=1-0 S(1)线上展示了行星状星云(PN)NGC 7293(星云)的深宽视场(4 'x 7')图像。斯巴鲁望远镜的良好视宁度(0.4“)允许检查彗星结的细节。这些节点位于距离中心恒星2.2 '-6.4'的位置。在内边缘和内环(距离CS 4.5'),结通常呈“蝌蚪”状,椭圆形的头部,内部有一个明亮的新月形,长尾巴与CS相对。详细地说,蝌蚪的形状也有变化,如窄尾、宽尾、蜿蜒的尾或一条尾内的多峰。在外环(距CS 4.5 '-6.4')中,形状更加断裂,并且尾部不准直成单一方向。结形态从内缘到外圈的过渡清晰可见。结的数量密度决定了内环中H2表面的亮度:H2只存在于结内。可能的机制,有助于形成的结进行了讨论,包括光电离和流运动。对我们的图像的一个合理解释是,内部的纽结被更快的风吹走了,但这还没有到达外部的纽结。基于H2的形成和破坏速率,H2气体可以在整个PN阶段的晚期渐近巨星分支(AGB)阶段期间从形成中以结的形式存活。这些观测提供了新的约束的形成和演化的结,和物理的分子气体嵌入电离气体。

英文摘要:

We present a deep and wide field-of-view (4'x 7') image of the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 7293 (the Helix Nebula) in the 2.12 micron H2 v=1-0 S(1) line. The excellent seeing (0.4'') at the Subaru Telescope, allows the details of cometary knots to be examined. The knots are found at distances of 2.2'-6.4' from the central star (CS). At the inner edge and in the inner ring (up to 4.5' fromthe CS), the knot often show a `tadpole' shape, an elliptical head with a bright crescent inside and a long tail opposite to the CS. In detail, there are variations in the tadpole shapes, such as narrowing tails, widening tails, meandering tails, or multi-peaks within a tail. In the outer ring (4.5'-6.4' from the CS), the shapes are more fractured, and the tails do not collimate into a single direction. The transition in knot morphology from the inner edge to the outer ring is clearly seen. The number density of knots governs the H2 surface brightness in the inner ring: H2 exists only within the knots. Possible mechanisms which contribute to the shaping of the knots are discussed, including photo-ionization and streaming motions. A plausible interpretation of our images is that inner knots are being overrun by a faster wind, but that this has not (yet) reached the outer knots. Based on H2 formation and destruction rates, H2 gas can survive in knots from formation during the late asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase throughout the PN phase. These observations provide new constraints on the formation and evolution of knots, and on the physics of molecular gas embedded within ionized gas.

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