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arXiv 0906.1122astro-ph.SR
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块状致密核中的含硫分子

S-bearing molecules in Massive Dense Cores

Fabrice Herpin, Matthieu Marseille, Valentine Wakelam, Sylvain Bontemps, D. C. Lis

摘要:

形成大质量恒星的大质量核心的化学成分可以对大质量恒星形成的时间尺度产生一些限制:硫化学是特别令人感兴趣的,因为它在温暖的气体中快速演化,并且因为含硫物质的丰度随着温度的增加而显着增加。用IRAM 30 m和CSO望远镜在CS、OCS、H_2S、SO、SO_2及其同位素的不同跃迁(E_(?)尘埃连续体的一维建模用于导出密度和温度定律,然后将其应用于RATRAN代码中以模拟所观察到的线发射,并导出分子的相对丰度。除了最高能量的SO2跃迁,所有的谱线都被检测到。可探测到W 43 MM 1岩芯的入流(高达2.9km/s)。推断的质量速率为5.8-9.4 × 10^{-2} M_{\odot} /年。我们提出了一个进化序列,我们的来源(W 43 MM 1-IRAS 18264 -1152-IRAS 05358 +3543-IRAS 18162 -2048),基于SED分析。对各源丰度比变化的分析表明,SO和SO2的相对丰度随时间的推移而增加,而CS和OCS的相对丰度随时间的推移而减少。分子比,如[OCS/H2S]、[CS/H2S]、[SO/OCS]、[SO2/OCS]、[CS/SO]和[SO2/SO],可以是取决于通过观察到的分子跃迁探测的层的演化的良好指标。从较温暖的层,因此涉及更高的上层能级的分子发射的观测是强制性的,包括在内。

英文摘要:

Chemical composition of the massive cores forming high-mass stars can put some constrains on the time scale of the massive star formation: sulphur chemistry is of specific interest due to its rapid evolution in warm gas and because the abundance of sulphur bearing species increases significantly with the temperature. Two mid-infrared quiet and two brighter massive cores are observed in various transitions (E_up up to 289K) of CS, OCS, H2S, SO, SO2 and of their isotopologues at mm wavelengths with the IRAM 30m and CSO telescopes. 1D modeling of the dust continuum is used to derive the density and temperature laws, which are then applied in the RATRAN code to model the observed line emission, and to derive the relative abundances of the molecules. All lines, except the highest energy SO2 transition, are detected. Infall (up to 2.9km/s) may be detected towards the core W43MM1. The inferred mass rate is 5.8-9.4 10^{-2} M_{\odot}/yr. We propose an evolutionary sequence of our sources (W43MM1-IRAS18264-1152-IRAS05358+3543-IRAS18162-2048), based on the SED analysis. The analysis of the variations in abundance ratios from source to source reveals that the SO and SO2 relative abundances increase with time, while CS and OCS decrease. Molecular ratios, such as [OCS/H2S], [CS/H2S], [SO/OCS], [SO2/OCS], [CS/SO] and [SO2/SO] may be good indicators of evolution depending on layers probed by the observed molecular transitions. Observations of molecular emission from warmer layers, hence involving higher upper energy levels are mandatory to include.

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