雷暴、闪电、精灵和磁层哨声模式无线电波
Thunderstorms, lightning, sprites and magnetospheric whistler-mode radio waves
摘要：
雷暴和它们产生的闪电本质上是有趣的现象，多年来一直吸引着科学家和人类。在过去的一个世纪里，雷暴的研究取得了迅速的进展，人们做出了许多努力来了解闪电、雷暴及其后果。最近对活跃闪电放电上方的光学现象的观测，以及现代数据收集和数据分析技术的可用性，重新引起了人们对雷暴及其对生物圈影响的兴趣。本文综述了雷暴的起电过程、闪电过程及其与全球电路和气候的关系。向上的闪电放电可以产生精灵、精灵、喷流等，统称为瞬变发光事件。综述了它们在中间层的形态特征和影响。闪电放电期间产生的宽频谱电磁波将低层大气与电离层/磁层耦合。因此，这些波的各种功能，从超低频到VHF的审查参考最近的结果，并简要讨论了它们的后果。
英文摘要：
Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena that have intrigued scientists and mankind in general for many years. The study of thunderstorms has rapidly advanced during the past century and many efforts have been made towards understanding lightning, thunderstorms and their consequences. Recent observations of optical phenomena above an active lightning discharge along with the availability of modern technology both for data collection and data analysis have renewed interest in the field of thunderstorms and their consequences in the biosphere. In this paper, we review the electrification processes of a thunderstorm, lightning processes and their association with global electric circuit and climate. The upward lightning discharge can cause sprites, elves, jets, etc. which are together called transient luminous events. Their morphological features and effects in the mesosphere are reviewed. The wide spectrum of electromagnetic waves generated during lightning discharges couple the lower atmosphere with the ionosphere/magnetosphere. Hence various features of these waves from ULF to VHF are reviewed with reference to recent results and their consequences are also briefly discussed.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
