磁场中II型超导体的Ginzburg-Landau理论
The Ginzburg-Landau Theory of Type II superconductors in magnetic field
摘要：
基于Ginzburg-Landau理论，给出了第二类超导体在电磁场中的热力学性质. Abrikosov通量格点解是用一个表征到超导体正常相变线的“距离”的参数展开而得的。扩展允许系统地改进解决方案。详细测定了涡旋物质在磁场中的相图。在介观尺度上存在显著的热波动时（例如在高$T_{c}$材料中），涡旋晶体熔化成涡旋液体。本文给出了一个在朗道最低能级近似下的热涨落的定量理论。它允许确定熔化线和熔化时的不连续性，以及涡旋液体状态的重要特征。在存在淬火无序（钉扎）的情况下，涡旋物质获得某些“玻璃态”性质。用“复制”方法研究了涡旋玻璃态的不可逆线和静态性质。大多数的分析方法进行了介绍，并提出了一些细节。各种定量和定性的特点进行了比较，在第二类超导体的实验，虽然使用一个相当普遍的金斯堡-朗道理论并不限于超导性，并可以适用于某些调整，以其他物理系统，例如旋转玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体。
英文摘要：
Thermodynamics of type II superconductors in electromagnetic field based on the Ginzburg - Landau theory is presented. The Abrikosov flux lattice solution is derived using an expansion in a parameter characterizing the "distance" to the superconductor - normal phase transition line. The expansion allows a systematic improvement of the solution. The phase diagram of the vortex matter in magnetic field is determined in detail. In the presence of significant thermal fluctuations on the mesoscopic scale (for example in high $T_{c}$ materials) the vortex crystal melts into a vortex liquid. A quantitative theory of thermal fluctuations using the lowest Landau level approximation is given. It allows to determine the melting line and discontinuities at melt, as well as important characteristics of the vortex liquid state. In the presence of quenched disorder (pinning) the vortex matter acquires certain "glassy" properties. The irreversibility line and static properties of the vortex glass state are studied using the "replica" method. Most of the analytical methods are introduced and presented in some detail. Various quantitative and qualitative features are compared to experiments in type II superconductors, although the use of a rather universal Ginzburg - Landau theory is not restricted to superconductivity and can be applied with certain adjustments to other physical systems, for example rotating Bose - Einstein condensate.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
