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arXiv 0905.3131astro-ph.COgr-qchep-th
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关于真空密度、初始奇点和暗能量

On vacuum density, the initial singularity and dark energy

Saulo Carneiro, Reza Tavakol

摘要:

标准宇宙学提出了许多重要的问题。除了它的奇异起源,它还具有解释观测所需的早期和晚期加速阶段。真空能被认为是解决其中一些问题的可能途径。早期的de Sitter相中由自由场诱导的真空能量密度被估计为正比于$H^4$,而最近有人提出QCD凝聚诱导了一个在晚期正比于H的项。这些结果已被用于非奇异和暴胀在早期和加速在晚期的模型。在这里,我们把这些模型的标量场,并研究相应的原始扰动谱。在早期的频谱被发现是不标度不变的,从而意味着慢卷膨胀仍然需要由真空引起的相变后。在后期,相应的标量场势是谐波的,质量为哈勃尺度的量级,这一结果可以根据全息猜想来理解。

英文摘要:

Standard cosmology poses a number of important questions. Apart from its singular origin, it possesses early and late accelerating phases required to account for observations. The vacuum energy has been considered as a possible way to resolve some of these questions. The vacuum energy density induced by free fields in an early de Sitter phase has earlier been estimated to be proportional to $H^4$, while more recently it has been suggested that the QCD condensate induces a term proportional to H at late times. These results have been employed in models which are non-singular and inflationary at early times and accelerating at late times. Here we cast these models in terms of scalar fields and study the corresponding spectrum of primordial perturbations. At early times the spectrum is found to be not scale-invariant, thus implying that slow-roll inflation is still required after the phase transition induced by the vacuum. At late times the corresponding scalar-field potential is harmonic, with a mass of the order of the Hubble scale, a result that may be understood in the light of the holographic conjecture.

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