超短相对论电子束团三维结构的测定方法
Method for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of ultrashort relativistic electron bunches
摘要：
描述了一种新的X射线自由电子激光中超短电子束团的表征技术。也就是说，我们建议使用相干光渡越辐射来测量三维（3D）电子密度分布。我们的方法依赖于两个已知的诊断设置的组合，一个光学激光合成器（ORS）和一个光学跃迁辐射（OTR）成像仪。在ORS装置中，电子聚束在光学波长处被调制。当这些电子束通过金属箔靶时，产生数十兆瓦功率的相干辐射脉冲。此后，可以利用相干成像技术的优点，例如直接成像、衍射成像、傅立叶全息术及其组合。所提出的方法开辟了实时，波长限制，单次拍摄的超短电子束的3D成像的可能性。
英文摘要：
We describe a novel technique to characterize ultrashort electron bunches in X-ray Free-Electron Lasers. Namely, we propose to use coherent Optical Transition Radiation to measure three-dimensional (3D) electron density distributions. Our method relies on the combination of two known diagnostics setups, an Optical Replica Synthesizer (ORS) and an Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) imager. Electron bunches are modulated at optical wavelengths in the ORS setup. When these electron bunches pass through a metal foil target, coherent radiation pulses of tens MW power are generated. It is thereafter possible to exploit advantages of coherent imaging techniques, such as direct imaging, diffractive imaging, Fourier holography and their combinations. The proposed method opens up the possibility of real-time, wavelength-limited, single-shot 3D imaging of an ultrashort electron bunch.
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