约化重力条件下颗粒物质的流动
The Flow Of Granular Matter Under Reduced-Gravity Conditions
摘要：
为了更好地了解太阳系中行星和小天体的表面，颗粒物质在不同重力水平下的流动行为是最感兴趣的。我们进行了一组简化重力测量，以分析颗粒物质的流动行为与准二维沙漏在粗真空条件下，并与倾斜雪崩盒。我们使用不来梅落塔和一个小型离心机来实现0.01 g和0.3 g之间的剩余重力水平。这两个实验都是用玄武岩和玻璃颗粒以及两种普通沙子进行的。对于沙漏实验，通过孔口的体积流量，休止角和摩擦角，以及靠近表面的颗粒的流动行为被确定。在雪崩箱实验中，我们测量了雪崩持续时间、最大倾斜角以及雪崩宽度随重力水平的变化。
英文摘要：
To gain a better understanding of the surfaces of planets and small bodies in the solar system, the flow behavior of granular material for various gravity levels is of utmost interest. We performed a set of reduced-gravity measurements to analyze the flow behavior of granular matter with a quasi-2D hourglass under coarse-vacuum conditions and with a tilting avalanche box. We used the Bremen drop tower and a small centrifuge to achieve residual-gravity levels between 0.01 g and 0.3 g. Both experiments were carried out with basalt and glass grains as well as with two kinds of ordinary sand. For the hourglass experiments, the volume flow through the orifice, the repose and friction angles, and the flow behavior of the particles close to the surface were determined. In the avalanche-box experiment, we measured the duration of the avalanche, the maximum slope angle as well as the width of the avalanche as a function of the gravity level.
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