单个核小体的动力学控制着染色质凝聚途径：变异染色质的直接AFM可视化
The dynamics of individual nucleosomes controls the chromatin condensation pathway: direct AFM visualization of variant chromatin
摘要：
染色质的组织和动力学研究在这项工作中的尺度范围从单个核小体到核小体阵列通过使用一个独特的组合的生化检测，单分子成像技术和数值模拟。我们证明，组蛋白变体H2A.Bbd诱导的核小体结构的微妙修改大大修改了核小体阵列的高阶组织。重要的是，如通过AFM直接可视化的，常规的H2A核小体阵列表现出特定的局部组织，与H2A.Bbd阵列相反，其显示“串珠”结构。系统的图像分析和理论建模的结合允许定量描述所观察到的阵列的总体结构变化，其本地组织。我们的研究结果强烈表明，无H1核小体阵列的高阶组织主要是由单个核小体的波动特性决定的。此外，数值模拟表明，核小体之间存在有吸引力的相互作用，以提供常规染色质纤维观察到的压实程度。
英文摘要：
Chromatin organization and dynamics is studied in this work at scales ranging from single nucleosome to nucleosomal array by using a unique combination of biochemical assays, single molecule imaging technique and numerical modeling. We demonstrate that a subtle modification in the nucleosome structure induced by the histone variant H2A.Bbd drastically modifies the higher order organization of the nucleosomal arrays. Importantly, as directly visualized by AFM, conventional H2A nucleosomal arrays exhibit specific local organization, in contrast to H2A.Bbd arrays, which show "beads on a string" structure. The combination of systematic image analysis and theoretical modeling allows a quantitative description relating the observed gross structural changes of the arrays to their local organization. Our results strongly suggest that higher-order organization of H1-free nucleosomal arrays is mainly determined by the fluctuation properties of individual nucleosomes. Moreover, numerical simulations suggest the existence of attractive interactions between nucleosomes to provide the degree of compaction observed for conventional chromatin fibers.
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