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arXiv 0904.2615astro-ph.CO
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遥远类星体的黑洞团

Black-hole masses of distant quasars

M. Vestergaard

摘要:

简要概述了常用的方法来确定或估计的黑洞质量在静止或活动的星系,它认为,使用质量缩放关系是一个可靠的和首选的方法,适用于大样本的遥远的类星体。该方法使用光谱测量的宽发射线宽度和连续发光度,目前有一个统计1西格玛的不确定性的绝对质量值约为4的一个因素。未来可能会提高这种准确性。当应用于遥远类星体的大样本时,很明显黑洞的质量非常大,甚至在最高红移4到6的情况下,也有10亿到100亿太阳质量。黑洞在早期宇宙中一定会快速地积累质量。然而,它们并没有比这大得多:也观察到了大约100亿太阳质量的最大质量。活动黑洞的初步质量函数的几个类星体的样本,包括斯隆数字巡天。最后,共同关注的质量标度关系的应用,特别是高红移类星体,简要讨论。

英文摘要:

A brief overview of the methods commonly used to determine or estimate the black hole mass in quiescent or active galaxies is presented and it is argued that the use of mass-scaling relations is both a reliable and the preferred method to apply to large samples of distant quasars. The method uses spectroscopic measurements of a broad emission-line width and continuum luminosity and currently has a statistical 1 sigma uncertainty in the absolute mass values of about a factor of 4. Potentially, this accuracy can be improved in the future. When applied to large samples of distant quasars it is evident that the black hole masses are very large, of order 1 to 10 billion solar masses, even at the highest redshifts of 4 to 6. The black holes must build up their mass very fast in the early universe. Yet they do not grow much larger than that: a maximum mass of about 10 billion solar masses is also observed. Preliminary mass functions of active black holes are presented for several quasar samples, including the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Finally, common concerns related to the application of the mass scaling relations, especially for high redshift quasars, are briefly discussed.

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