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arXiv 0904.2363astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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关于原型LBV AG的性质Carinae I.在视觉最小相位期间的基本参数和在S-Dor周期期间的热光度变化

On the nature of the prototype LBV AG Carinae I. Fundamental parameters during visual minimum phases and changes in the bolometric luminosity during the S-Dor cycle

Jose H. Groh, D. John Hillier, Augusto Damineli, Patricia A. Whitelock, Fred Marang, C. Rossi

摘要:

我们提出了一个详细的光谱分析的发光的蓝色变量AG船底座在最后两个视觉最低阶段的S-Dor周期(1985-1990年和2000-2003年)。分析揭示了过量的He,N和Na,以及H,C和O的耗尽,在AG Car的表面上,表明存在hoc处理的材料。此外,恒星表面的N/O比值比星云中的高。我们发现AG Car的最小相位彼此不相等,因为我们推导出了1985-1990年(22,800 K)和2000-2001年(17,000 K)期间达到的最大有效温度之间的显著差异。1985-1990年的风终极速度为300公里/秒,2001年低至105公里/秒。然而,1985-1990年的质量损失率(1.5 x 10^(-5)Msun/年)低于2000-2001年的质量损失率(3.7 x 10^(-5)Msun/年)。我们发现,AG车的风是显着的丛生(f=0.10 - 0.25),必须在风深处形成团块。我们推导出在两个最小阶段的辐射热光度为1.5 x 10^6 Lsun,与通常的假设相反,随着恒星向V波段最大通量移动,辐射热光度降低到1.0 x 10^6 Lsun。假设AG Car的热光度下降是由于用于膨胀恒星外层的能量(Lamers 1995),我们发现膨胀层大约包含0.6 - 2 Msun。这样的质量比AG Car周围的星云质量低一个数量级,但与低光度LBV周围的星云质量和Eta Car的小矮人质量相当。如果如此大量的质量确实涉及S Dor型的变化,我们推测这种不稳定性可能是一次失败的大爆发,几个太阳质量永远不会从恒星中释放出来。(节略)

英文摘要:

We present a detailed spectroscopic analysis of the luminous blue variable AG Carinae during the last two visual minimum phases of its S-Dor cycle (1985-1990 and 2000-2003). The analysis reveals an overabundance of He, N, and Na, and a depletion of H, C, and O, on the surface of AG Car, indicating the presence of CNO-processed material. Furthermore, the ratio N/O is higher on the stellar surface than in the nebula. We found that the minimum phases of AG Car are not equal to each other, since we derived a noticeable difference between the maximum effective temperature achieved during 1985-1990 (22,800 K) and 2000-2001 (17,000 K). While the wind terminal velocity was 300 km/s in 1985-1990, it was as low as 105 km/s in 2001. The mass-loss rate, however, was lower from 1985-1990 (1.5 x 10^(-5) Msun/yr) than from 2000-2001 (3.7 x 10^(-5) Msun/yr). We found that the wind of AG Car is significantly clumped (f=0.10 - 0.25) and that clumps must be formed deep in the wind. We derived a bolometric luminosity of 1.5 x 10^6 Lsun during both minimum phases which, contrary to the common assumption, decreases to 1.0 x 10^6 Lsun as the star moves towards maximum flux in the V band. Assuming that the decrease in the bolometric luminosity of AG Car is due to the energy used to expand the outer layers of the star (Lamers 1995), we found that the expanding layers contain roughly 0.6 - 2 Msun. Such an amount of mass is an order of magnitude lower than the nebular mass around AG Car, but is comparable to the nebular mass found around lower-luminosity LBVs and to that of the Little Homunculus of Eta Car. If such a large amount of mass is indeed involved in the S Dor-type variability, we speculate that such instability could be a failed Giant Eruption, with several solar masses never becoming unbound from the star.(abridged)

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