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arXiv 0904.2334astro-ph.CO
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探测再电离时代的精密天线阵:8站结果

The Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization: 8 Station Results

Aaron R. Parsons, Donald C. Backer, Richard F. Bradley, James E. Aguirre, Erin E. Benoit, Chris L. Carilli, Griffin S. Foster, Nicole E. Gugliucci, David Herne,… 展开作者

Aaron R. Parsons, Donald C. Backer, Richard F. Bradley, James E. Aguirre, Erin E. Benoit, Chris L. Carilli, Griffin S. Foster, Nicole E. Gugliucci, David Herne, Daniel C. Jacobs, Mervyn J. Lynch, Jason R. Manley, Chaitali R. Parashare, Daniel J. Werthimer, Melvyn C. H. Wright

摘要:

我们正在开发探测再电离时代的精密阵列(PAPER),以探测早期宇宙的21厘米发射,当时第一批恒星和星系正在形成。我们描述了整体实验策略和架构,并总结了两个纸部署:一个4天线阵列在低RFI环境中的西澳大利亚州和8天线阵列在我们的原型网站在绿银行,西弗吉尼亚州。从这些活动中,我们报告的系统性能,包括初级波束模型验证,系统增益对环境温度的依赖性,接收器和整个系统的温度测量,并在每个部署地点的RFI环境的特性。我们提出了一个全天空地图之间的合成139 MHz和174 MHz使用两个阵列的数据,达到80 mJy(4.9 K,在154 MHz的光束大小为2.15e-5球面度),与10 mJy(620 mK)的热噪声水平,这表明什么将是更好的前景减法实现。我们计算角功率谱($C_\ell$)在一个寒冷的补丁,并确定他们占主导地位的点源,但与银河系同步辐射在较低的射频和角波模的贡献。虽然宇宙的前景方差占主导地位的错误,在这些功率谱,我们测量的热噪声水平为310 mK在$\ell=100$为中心的1.46 MHz频段在164.5 MHz。这种灵敏度水平大约是三个数量级的温度以上的波动水平在21厘米发射与再电离。

英文摘要:

We are developing the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) to detect 21cm emission from the early Universe, when the first stars and galaxies were forming. We describe the overall experiment strategy and architecture and summarize two PAPER deployments: a 4-antenna array in the low-RFI environment of Western Australia and an 8-antenna array at our prototyping site in Green Bank, WV. From these activities we report on system performance, including primary beam model verification, dependence of system gain on ambient temperature, measurements of receiver and overall system temperatures, and characterization of the RFI environment at each deployment site. We present an all-sky map synthesized between 139 MHz and 174 MHz using data from both arrays that reaches down to 80 mJy (4.9 K, for a beam size of 2.15e-5 steradians at 154 MHz), with a 10 mJy (620 mK) thermal noise level that indicates what would be achievable with better foreground subtraction. We calculate angular power spectra ($C_\ell$) in a cold patch and determine them to be dominated by point sources, but with contributions from galactic synchrotron emission at lower radio frequencies and angular wavemodes. Although the cosmic variance of foregrounds dominates errors in these power spectra, we measure a thermal noise level of 310 mK at $\ell=100$ for a 1.46-MHz band centered at 164.5 MHz. This sensitivity level is approximately three orders of magnitude in temperature above the level of the fluctuations in 21cm emission associated with reionization.

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