arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 0904.0852astro-ph.EP
收藏

双星系统中的星子吸积:伴星轨道倾角的作用

Planetesimal Accretion in Binary Systems: Role of the Companion's Orbital Inclination

Ji-Wei Xie, Ji-Lin Zhou

摘要:

最近的观测表明,这颗行星可以存在于恒星距离只有20天文单位的近距离双星系统中。然而,在这样的近距离双星系统中形成行星形成是对当前理论的挑战。其中一个主要的理论问题发生在中间阶段--星子吸积成行星胚胎--在此期间,伴星的扰动会引起星子的相对速度(dV),从而减缓甚至停止它们的生长。然而,所有以前的研究假设一个2维(2D)的磁盘和共面的双轨道。本文在前人研究的基础上,通过引入三维气体盘和倾斜双星轨道(相对倾角i_B=0.1-5 °),数值研究了半人马座α A附近1-2天文单位(1-1.3天文单位的宜居带的延伸)的星子吸积条件。包含双星倾角导致:(1)在三维空间中实现了轨道相位差,因此不同大小的天体彼此分离;(2)总撞击率降低,撞击主要发生在相似大小的天体之间;(3)加积作用更有利,但加积与侵蚀之间的平衡仍不确定,当假设Q* 为乐观值时,“可能吸积区”可扩展到2AU(导致灾难性碎裂的临界比能);以及(4)冲击速度(dV)显著减小但仍远大于它们的逃逸速度,它推断出微行星是以II型失控模式生长的。总之,包含一个小的双星倾角是一个有前途的机制,有利于吸积,打开了一个可能性,行星形成在密切的双系统可以通过星子吸积到行星胚胎的困难阶段。

英文摘要:

Recent observations show that planet can reside in close binary systems with stellar separation of only about 20 AU. However, planet formation in such close binary systems is a challenge to current theory. One of the major theoretical problems occurs in the intermediate stage-planetesimals accretion into planetary embryos-during which the companion's perturbations can stir up the relative velocites(dV) of planetesimals and thus slow down or even cease their growth. However, all previous studies assumed a 2-dimentional (2D) disk and a coplanar binary orbit. Extending previous studies by including a 3D gas disk and an inclined binary orbit with small relative inclination of i_B=0.1-5 deg, we numerically investigate the conditions for planetesimal accretion at 1-2 AU, an extension of the habitable zone(1-1.3 AU), around alpha Centauri A in this paper. Inclusion of the binary inclination leads to: (1) differential orbital phasing is realized in the 3D space, and thus different-sized bodies are separated from each other; (2) total impact rate becomes lower, and impacts mainly occur between similar-sized bodies; (3) accretion is more favored, but the balance between accretion and erosion remains uncertain, and the "possible accretion region" extends up to 2AU when assuming an optimistic Q*(critical specific energy that leads to catastrophic fragmentation); and (4) impact velocities (dV) are significantly reduced but still much larger than their escape velocities, which infers that planetesimals grow by means of type II runaway mode. As a conclusion, inclusion of a small binary inclination is a promising mechanism that favors accretion, opening a possibility that planet formation in close binary systems can go through the difficult stage of planetesimals accretion into planetary embryos.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑