单裂缝的几何和输运性质：裂缝壁粗糙度的影响
Geometrical and transport properties of single fractures: influence of the roughness of the fracture walls
摘要：
本文综述了单裂缝输运性质的主要特征。特别关注地质材料中的裂缝，这些裂缝通常显示出覆盖广泛长度尺度的粗糙度。由于裂缝壁之间的距离很小，因此表面粗糙度是影响空隙空间结构的关键参数。专门的表面粗糙度的表征的研究，以及旨在表征空隙空间几何形状的作品。自由空间的相关性被认为是破坏机制（脆性，准脆性或塑性…）的关键功能。而且还包括在破坏过程中可能的剪切位移。还描述了表面粗糙度对在法向载荷和剪切应力下断裂的力学行为的影响。最后，实验，数值和理论工作致力于研究的裂缝空隙的几何形状的渗透性和溶解的物种的水动力分散的影响进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
This article reviews the main features of the transport properties of single fractures. A particular attention paid to fractures in geological materials which often display a roughness covering a broad range of length scales. Because of the small distance separating the fracture walls, the surface roughness is a key parameter influencing the structure of the void space. Studies devoted to the characterization of the surface roughness are presented as well as works aimed at characterizing the void space geometry. The correlation of the free space is found to be crucially function of the failure mechanism (brittle, quasi brittle or plastic...) but also of possible shear displacements during the failure. The influence of the surface roughness on the mechanical behavior of fractures under a normal load and a shear stress is also described. Finally, experimental, numerical and theoretical works devoted to the study of the influence of the fracture void geometry on the permeability and on the hydrodynamic dispersion of a dissolved species are discussed.
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