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arXiv 0903.3818astro-ph.CO
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冲压压力对恒星形成、质量分布和星系形态的影响

The effect of ram pressure on the star formation, mass distribution and morphology of galaxies

W. Kapferer, C. Sluka, S. Schindler, C. Ferrari, B. Ziegler

摘要:

我们研究了恒星形成和星系组分分布对冲压压力强度的依赖性。给出了几种不同冲压压力情况下X射线、H $α$和HI波长的模拟观测结果。通过应用组合N体/流体动力学描述(GADGET-2)与辐射冷却和恒星形成和恒星反馈的配方,12个不同的冲压压力剥离方案的盘星系计算。特别强调了圆盘内和周围的气体。计算域内的所有气体粒子具有相同的质量分辨率。在$1\times10^{-28}$至$5\times10^{-27}$ g/cm $^3$范围内的不同周围气体密度下,相对速度在100 km/s至1000 km/s之间变化。周围气体的温度最初为$1\times10^{7}$ K。与孤立演化的相同系统相比,在高冲压压力($5\times10^{-11}$ dyn/cm $^2$)的模拟中,星系的恒星形成增强了一个以上的量级。恒星形成的增强更多地取决于周围气体的密度,而不是相对速度。所有新形成的恒星中,有高达95%可以在星系尾流中发现,距离恒星盘超过350 kpc。恒星不断地落回旧的恒星盘,形成一个类似凸起的结构。年轻的恒星可以在整个剥离尾流中找到,其表面密度与内部恒星盘中的值相当。冲压压力剥离可以在很短的时间尺度上将恒星形成的位置从盘转移到尾流。(节录)

英文摘要:

We investigate the dependence of star formation and the distribution of the components of galaxies on the strength of ram pressure. Several mock observations in X-ray, H$α$ and HI wavelength for different ram-pressure scenarios are presented. By applying a combined N-body/hydrodynamic description (GADGET-2) with radiative cooling and a recipe for star formation and stellar feedback 12 different ram-pressure stripping scenarios for disc galaxies were calculated. Special emphasis was put on the gas within the disc and in the surroundings. All gas particles within the computational domain having the same mass resolution. The relative velocity was varied from 100 km/s to 1000 km/s in different surrounding gas densities in the range from $1\times10^{-28}$ to $5\times10^{-27}$ g/cm$^3$. The temperature of the surrounding gas was initially $1\times10^{7}$ K. The star formation of a galaxy is enhanced by more than a magnitude in the simulation with a high ram-pressure ($5\times10^{-11}$ dyn/cm$^2$) in comparison to the same system evolving in isolation. The enhancement of the star formation depends more on the surrounding gas density than on the relative velocity. Up to 95% of all newly formed stars can be found in the wake of the galaxy out to distances of more than 350 kpc behind the stellar disc. Continuously stars fall back to the old stellar disc, building up a bulge-like structure. Young stars can be found throughout the stripped wake with surface densities locally comparable to values in the inner stellar disc. Ram-pressure stripping can shift the location of star formation from the disc into the wake on very short timescales. (Abridged)

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