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arXiv 0903.3484astro-ph.SR
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冷大质量恒星的大气模型

Model Atmospheres for Cool Massive Stars

Bertrand Plez

摘要:

在这篇评论中给出的热和冷:弥合巨大的恒星演化会议的差距,我目前的红超巨星大气建模的艺术状态。2008年公开发布的上一代静液压1D LTE MARCS模型在过去几年中取得了巨大成就,例如有效温标的校准。我很快地描述了这种释放,然后我在一定程度上讨论了不透明度采样近似对模型的热结构和它们的出射光谱的影响。我也坚持这些模型固有的局限性。估计碰撞和辐射的电子跃迁的时间尺度,例如TiO表明,非LTE效应是重要的,应该进一步研究。经典的一维模型也不能提供我们所知道的红超巨星大气中存在的大的非高斯速度场。因此,我也提出了目前的努力在三维辐射流体动力学模拟的RSG。我表明,这些模拟预测的线轮廓和位移,而不需要软糖微观和宏观湍流速度。这是一个很大的进步,尽管线条的深度和宽度有点太浅了。这可能是由于在这些重型模拟中使用了简化的灰色辐射转移。未来的非灰色3D模拟应该在线条强度和宽度方面提供更好的观测结果。

英文摘要:

In this review given at the Hot and Cool: Bridging Gaps in Massive Star Evolution conference, I present the state of the art in red supergiant star atmosphere modelling. The last generation of hydrostatic 1D LTE MARCS models publicly released in 2008 have allowed great achievements in the past years, like the calibration of effective temperature scales. I rapidly describe this release, and then I discuss in some length the impact of the opacity sampling approximation on the thermal structure of models and on their emergent spectra. I also insist on limitations inherent to these models. Estimates of collisional and radiative time scales for electronic transitions in e.g. TiO suggest that non-LTE effects are important, and should be further investigated. Classical 1D models are not capable either to provide the large and non-gaussian velocity fields we know exist in red supergiants atmospheres. I therefore also present current efforts in 3D radiative hydrodynamical simulation of RSGs. I show that line profiles and shifts are predicted by these simulations, without the need for fudge micro- and macroturbulence velocities. This is a great progress, although line depths and widths are slightly too shallow. This is probably caused by the simplified grey radiative transfer used in these heavy simulations. Future non-grey 3D simulations should provide a better fit to observations in terms of line strengths and widths.

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