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arXiv 0903.0857astro-ph.SR
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年轻吸积棕矮星的弱磁性

Surprisingly Weak Magnetism on Young Accreting Brown Dwarfs

Ansgar Reiners, Gibor Basri, Ulrich R. Christensen

摘要:

利用FeH分子吸收线的高分辨光谱测量了四颗吸积的年轻棕矮星和一颗非吸积的年轻极低质量恒星的表面磁通量。其中一颗褐矮星2 MASS J1207334 $-$ 393254的磁场强度为1-2 kG,因为它与质量更高的金牛座T星相似,表现在吸积和喷流的存在。我们没有在任何一颗年轻的棕矮星中找到明确的证据证明有一个千高斯场,但在年轻的VLM恒星上确实找到了一个2千高斯场。我们的2 MASS J1207334 $-$ 393254中磁通量的3- $σ$上限仅达到1 kG。我们估计所需的磁场吸积在年轻的棕矮星所观察到的旋转,并发现只有几百高斯的磁场是足够的磁层吸积。这个预测值小于我们观察到的上限。我们的结论是,年轻棕矮星的磁场比大约一个太阳质量的年轻恒星低五倍或更多,并且在光谱类型类似于我们年轻棕矮星的老恒星中。有趣的是,在最初的几百万年里,磁场随着磁层吸积所需的质量而缩小,但在相同的有效温度范围内,在以后的年龄里没有观察到这种缩放。这种比例与自转的趋势相反,与吸积太阳质量的天体相比,非常年轻的吸积棕矮星的自转周期更短(在所有情况下都是非常低的罗斯比数)。我们推测,在年轻的天体中,磁层吸积和磁场强度之间可能存在更深层次的内在联系,或者褐矮星中产生磁场的效率可能低于恒星。这两种现象目前都没有简单的物理解释。

英文摘要:

We have measured the surface magnetic flux on four accreting young brown dwarfs and one non-accreting young very low-mass star utilizing high resolution spectra of absorption lines of the FeH molecule. A magnetic field of 1-2 kG had been proposed for one of the brown dwarfs, 2MASS J1207334$-$393254, because of its similarities to higher mass T Tauri stars as manifested in accretion and the presence of a jet. We do not find clear evidence for a kilo-Gauss field in any of our young brown dwarfs but do find a 2 kG field on the young VLM star. Our 3-$σ$ upper limit for the magnetic flux in 2MASS J1207334$-$393254 just reaches 1 kG. We estimate the magnetic field required for accretion in young brown dwarfs given the observed rotations, and find that fields of only a few hundred Gauss are sufficient for magnetospheric accretion. This predicted value is less than our observed upper limit. We conclude that magnetic fields in young brown dwarfs are a factor of five or more lower than in young stars of about one solar mass, and in older stars with spectral types similar to our young brown dwarfs. It is interesting that, during the first few million years, the fields scale down with mass in line with what is needed for magnetospheric accretion, yet no such scaling is observed at later ages within the same effective temperature range. This scaling is opposite to the trend in rotation, with shorter rotation periods for very young accreting brown dwarfs compared with accreting solar-mass objects (and very low Rossby numbers in all cases). We speculate that in young objects a deeper intrinsic connection may exist between magnetospheric accretion and magnetic field strength, or that magnetic field generation in brown dwarfs may be less efficient than in stars. Neither of these currently have an easy physical explanation.

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