行星系统的X射线研究：Astro2010十年调查白皮书
X-ray Studies of Planetary Systems: An Astro2010 Decadal Survey White Paper
摘要：
虽然X射线天文学应该提供任何关于低温行星系统的见解似乎违反直觉，但行星围绕恒星运行，其磁化表面将一小部分恒星能量转移到高能产物：日冕紫外线和X射线，耀斑X射线和高能粒子，以及高速恒星风。在我们的太阳系中，X射线发射提供了对太阳活动、行星大气、彗星彗发、电荷交换物理和整个太阳系的空间天气的独特见解。年轻恒星的恒星活动大大提高，并能极大地影响原行星盘和行星形成过程。我们着重介绍了计划中的国际X射线天文台可完成的六项研究，这些研究以独特的方式解决行星科学中的问题：探测具有铁荧光线的原行星盘的X射线照射及其对盘湍流的影响;研究木星和火星外逸层的复杂电荷交换X射线发射;阐明彗星彗发中的电荷交换过程;了解日光层电荷交换发射和软X射线背景的解释;以及研究行星宿主恒星的磁活动及其行星大气的蒸发。
英文摘要：
While it may seem counterintuitive that X-ray astronomy should give any insights into low-temperature planetary systems, planets orbit stars whose magnetized surfaces divert a small fraction of the stellar energy into high energy products: coronal UV and X-rays, flare X-rays and energetic particles, and a high-velocity stellar wind. In our Solar System, X-ray emission gives unique insights into the solar activity, planetary atmospheres, cometary comae, charge exchange physics, and space weather across the Solar System. The stellar activity of young stars is greatly elevated and can substantially affect protoplanetary disks and planet formation processes. We highlight six studies achievable with the planned International X-ray Observatory which address in unique ways issues in planetary sciences: probing X-ray irradiation of protoplanetary disks with the iron fluorescent line and its effects on disk turbulence; study the complex charge-exchange X-ray emission from Jupiter and the Martian exosphere; elucidate charge-exchange processes in cometary comae; understanding heliospheric charge-exchange emission and the interpretation of the soft X-ray background; and examining the magnetic activity of planet-hosting stars and its evaporation of planetary atmospheres.
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