天文学统计
Statistics in astronomy
摘要：
也许比其他自然科学更重要的是，天文学在本质上往往是统计学。在实验室中无法直接操作所研究的对象，因此天文学家仅限于观察一些外部特征并推断基本性质和物理。从古希腊到19世纪，天文学在统计学的历史发展中发挥了深远的作用。但在20世纪，随着天文学转向天体物理学，统计学转向人类事务，这两个领域逐渐分开。今天，我们看到了天文统计活动的复苏，调查大数据集的扩散和需要将复杂的数据与非线性天体物理模型联系起来。几个当代天文统计学的挑战：异方差测量误差，审查和截断多变量数据库;时间序列分析的变量对象，包括太阳系外行星系统的动力学模型;治疗的微弱源和其他泊松过程;各向异性的空间点过程的星系聚类;和模型拟合和选择的宇宙微波背景。
英文摘要：
Perhaps more than other physical sciences, astronomy is frequently statistical in nature. The objects under study are inaccessible to direct manipulation in the laboratory, so the astronomer is restricted to observing a few external characteristics and inferring underlying properties and physics. Astronomy played a profound role in the historical development of statistics from the ancient Greeks through the 19th century. But the fields drifted apart in the 20th century as astronomy turned towards astrophysics and statistics towards human affairs. Today we see a resurgence in astrostatistical activity with the proliferation of survey mega-datasets and the need to link complicated data to nonlinear astrophysical models. Several contemporary astrostatistical challenges are outlined: heteroscedastic measurement errors, censoring and truncation in multivariate databases; time series analysis of variable objects including dynamical models of extrasolar planetary systems; treatments of faint sources and other Poisson processes; the anisotropic spatial point process of galaxy clustering; and model fitting and selection for the cosmic microwave background.
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