电磁场的衰减和阻尼：惯性和位移电流的影响
Attenuation and damping of electromagnetic fields: Influence of inertia and displacement current
摘要：
在考虑载流子惯性和位移电流的共轭影响下，导出了刚性导电介质中电磁场衰减和阻尼的新结果。惯性效应由电流密度在扩展的欧姆定律范围内的弛豫时间来描述。良导体和不良导体的经典概念的基础上重新讨论的有效导电性，取决于波的频率和弛豫时间。研究发现，良导体在高频下的衰减仅取决于弛豫时间。这意味着穿透深度在足够高的频率下饱和到最小值。惯性和位移电流对磁场阻尼的作用是相反的。这可以解释为什么磁场的经典衰减时间与扩散时间近似成比例。在非常小的长度尺度上，衰减时间可以由弛豫时间或扩散时间的一部分给出，这取决于惯性或位移电流分别占主导地位的磁扩散。
英文摘要：
New results for attenuation and damping of electromagnetic fields in rigid conducting media are derived under the conjugate influence of inertia due to charge carriers and displacement current. Inertial effects are described by a relaxation time for the current density in the realm of an extended Ohm's law. The classical notions of poor and good conductors are rediscussed on the basis of an effective electric conductivity, depending on both wave frequency and relaxation time. It is found that the attenuation for good conductors at high frequencies depends solely on the relaxation time. This means that the penetration depth saturates to a minimum value at sufficiently high frequencies. It is also shown that the actions of inertia and displacement current on damping of magnetic fields are opposite to each other. That could explain why the classical decay time of magnetic fields scales approximately as the diffusion time. At very small length scales, the decay time could be given either by the relaxation time or by a fraction of the diffusion time, depending whether inertia or displacement current, respectively, would prevail on magnetic diffusion.
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