非线性粘弹性波传播：近常数衰减（NCQ）模型的推广
Nonlinear viscoelastic wave propagation: an extension of Nearly Constant Attenuation (NCQ) models
摘要：
滞后阻尼通常通过线性粘弹性方法建模，例如“近常数衰减（NCQ）”模型。这些模型没有考虑非线性效应的刚度或阻尼，这是众所周知的特点，土壤的动态行为。本文的目的是提出一个各向同性材料的非线性粘弹性行为的力学模型。该模型同时考虑了非线性弹性和非线性阻尼。一方面，剪切模量是激发水平的函数;另一方面，粘度的描述是基于涉及非线性的广义麦克斯韦体。这个配方实施到一个一维有限元方法为干土。对模型的验证表明，该模型具有反演低幅值地震动反应的能力。对于较大的激励水平，分析地震波在弹性基岩上的非线性土层中的传播，得到物理上令人满意的结果（较低的振幅，较大的时间延迟，较高的频率含量）。
英文摘要：
Hysteretic damping is often modeled by means of linear viscoelastic approaches such as "nearly constant Attenuation (NCQ)" models. These models do not take into account nonlinear effects either on the stiffness or on the damping, which are well known features of soil dynamic behavior. The aim of this paper is to propose a mechanical model involving nonlinear viscoelastic behavior for isotropic materials. This model simultaneously takes into account nonlinear elasticity and nonlinear damping. On the one hand, the shear modulus is a function of the excitation level; on the other, the description of viscosity is based on a generalized Maxwell body involving non-linearity. This formulation is implemented into a 1D finite element approach for a dry soil. The validation of the model shows its ability to retrieve low amplitude ground motion response. For larger excitation levels, the analysis of seismic wave propagation in a nonlinear soil layer over an elastic bedrock leads to results which are physically satisfactory (lower amplitudes, larger time delays, higher frequency content).
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