An important issue in the study of the iron-arsenic based superconductors is the symmetry of the superconducting gap, a problem complicated by multiple gaps on different Fermi surface sheets. Electronic Raman scattering is a flexible bulk probe which allows one in principle to determine gap magnitudes and test for gap nodes in different regions of the Brillouin zone by employing different photon polarization states. Here we calculate the clean Raman intensity for $A_{1g}$, $B_{1g}$ and $B_{2g}$ polarizations, and discuss the peak structures and low-energy power laws which might be expected for several popular models of the superconducting gap in these systems.
The first-principles electronic structure calculations made substantial contribution to study of high $T_c$ iron-pnictide superconductors. By the calculations, LaFeAsO was first predicted to be an antiferromagnetic semimetal, and the novel bi-collinear antiferromagnetic order was predicted for $α$-FeTe. Moreover, based on the calculations the underlying mechanism was proposed to be Arsenic-bridged antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction between the next-nearest neighbor Fe moments. In this article, this physical picture is further presented and discussed in association with the elaborate f…
We examine the appearance of a spin density wave in the FeAs parent compounds due to an excitonic instability. Using a realistic four-band model, we show that the magnetic state depends very sensitively upon the details of the band structure. We demonstrate that an orthorhombic distortion of the crystal enhances the stability of the antiferromagnetic order.
Motivated by the iron pnictides, we examine the spin excitations in an itinerant antiferromagnet where a spin-density wave (SDW) originates from an excitonic instability of nested electron-like and hole-like Fermi pockets. Using the random phase approximation (RPA), we derive the Dyson equation for the transverse susceptibility in the excitonic SDW state. The Dyson equation is solved for two different two-band models, describing an antiferromagnetic insulator and metal, respectively. We determine the collective spin-wave dispersions and also consider the single-particle continua. The results f…
Double exchange mechanism is believed to favor transport along ferromagnetic directions, the failure of which in explaining the unusual resistivity anisotropy in iron pnictides is investigated. Several factors intrinsic to the microscopic mechanism of transport in iron pnictides are identified and analyzed, including the moderate Hund's coupling, low local moment, and presence of two anisotropic degenerate orbitals xz and yz. In particular, the substantial second neighbor hoppings are found to be decisive in giving results opposite to the double exchange picture. In high temperature nonmagneti…
From first principles calculations we unravel surprisingly strong interactions between arsenic ions in iron-pnictides, the strength of which is controlled by the Fe-spin state. Reducing the Fe-magnetic moment, weakens the Fe-As bonding, and in turn, increases As-As interactions, causing giant reduction in the c-axis. For CaFe$_2$As$_2$ system, this reduction is as large as 1.4 Å. Since the large c-reduction has been recently observed only under high-pressure\cite{cTphase}, our results suggest that the iron magnetic moment should be present in Fe-pnictides at all times at ambient pressure. Fina…
We discuss the role of striction in the intertwined magnetic and structural phase transitions in the underdoped iron-pnictides. The magneto-elastic coupling to acoustic modes is then derived and estimated in framework of the multiband spectrum for itinerant electrons with nesting features. We argue that the 1-st order character of the magneto-elastic phase transition originates from the lattice instabilities near the onset of spin-density wave order introducing, thus, a shear acoustic mode as a new order parameter. Taking non-harmonic termis in the lattice energy into account may explain the s…
The puzzling features of the slopes of the upper critical field at the critical temperature $T_c$, $H^\prime_{c2}(T_c)\propto T_c$, and of the specific heat jump $ΔC\propto T_c^3$ of iron-pnictides are interpreted as caused by a strong pair-breaking.
We performed model calculations of Raman responses for multiband 2D superconductors. The multiband effects of screening in the A_{1g} symmetry channel were investigated analytically and numerically for a band structure model mimicing ARPES data on iron-pnictide materials. An acceptable agreement between our model calculations and recent experimental data is demonstrated by modification of the band structure parameters.
By applying density functional theory, we find strong evidence for an itinerant nature of magnetism in two families of iron pnictides. Furthermore, by employing dynamical mean field theory with continuous time quantum Monte Carlo as an impurity solver, we observe that the antiferromagnetic metal with small magnetic moment naturally arises out of coupling between unfrustrated and frustrated bands. Our results point to a possible scenario for magnetism in iron pnictides where magnetism originates from a strong instability at the momentum vector ($π$, $π$, $π$) while it is reduced by quantum fluc…
The magnetic moment in the parent phase of the iron-pnictide superconductors varies with composition even when the nominal charge of iron is unchanged. We propose the spin-lattice coupling due to the magneto-volume effect as the primary origin of this effect, and formulate a Landau theory to describe the dependence of the moment to the Fe-As layer separation. We then compare the superconductive critical temperature of doped iron pnictides to the local moment predicted by the theory, and suggest that the spin-phonon coupling may play a role in the superconductivity of this compound.
We explain that the study of impurity effect in iron pnictides are correctly calculated based on the T-matrix approximation, contrary to the Comment by Bang. The replacement T with T-I proposed by Bang breaks the perturbation theory and is therefore erroneous.
An optical analysis reveals that the electronic correlations in the `parent' compounds of the iron pnictide superconductors are sufficiently strong to significantly impede the mobility of the electrons.
A new iron pnictide LiFeP superconductor was found. The compound crystallizes into a Cu2Sb structure containing an FeP layer showing superconductivity with maximum Tc of 6K. This is the first 111 type iron pnictide superconductor containing no arsenic. The new superconductor is featured with itinerant behavior at normal state that could helpful to understand the novel superconducting mechanism of iron pnictide compounds.
One of the outstanding problems in Iron pnictide research is the unambiguous detection of its pairing symmetry. The most probable candidates are the two-band s$++$ and sign reversed s$\pm$ wave pairing. In this work, the Andreev conductance and shot noise are used as a probe for the pairing symmetry of Iron pnictide superconductors. Clear differences emerge in both the zero bias differential conductance and the shot noise in the tunneling limit for the two cases enabling an effective distinction between the two.
Superconductivity in the iron pnictides and chalcogenides arises at the border of antiferromagnetism, which raises the question of the role of quantum criticality. In this topical review, we describe the theoretical work that led to the prediction for a magnetic quantum critical point arising out of a competition between electronic localization and itinerancy, and the proposal for accessing it by using isoelectronic P substitution for As in the undoped iron pnictides. We go on to compile the emerging experimental evidence in support of the existence of such a quantum critical point in isoelect…
The heterogeneous coexistence of antiferromagnetism (SDW) and superconductivity on a mesoscopic scale was observed in iron-pnictides in many recent experiments. We suggest and discuss the scenario in which the heterogeneity is caused by formation of domain walls inherent to the SDW state of pnictides at a proper doping or under applied pressure. Superconductivity would emerge from the modulated SDW structure. The phenomenon is akin to the FFLO-phase in superconductors.
We propose a trilayer $π$-junction that takes advantage of the unconventional $s_{x^2 y^2}=\cos k_x \cos k_y$ pairing symmetry which changes sign between electron and hole Fermi pockets in the iron pnictides. In addition, we also present theoretical results for Andreev bound states in thin superconductor-normal metal (or insulator) iron-pnictide junctions. The presence of nontrivial in-gap states, which uniquely appear in this unconventional pairing state, is a distinct feature in comparison to other singlet pairing states.
The 3D phase diagram of iron pnictides where the critical temperature depends on charge density and microstrain in the active FeAs layers is proposed. The iron pnictides superconductors are shown to be a practical realization of a heterostructure at the atomic limit made of a superlattice of FeAs layers intercalated by spacer layers. We have focussed our interest on the A 1-x BxFe2As2 (122) families and we show that FeAs layers have a tensile microstrain due to the misfit strain between the active layers and the spacers. We have identified the critical range of doping and microstrain where the…
The puzzling nature of magnetic and lattice phase transitions of iron pnictides is investigated via a first-principles Wannier function analysis of representative parent compound LaOFeAs. A rare ferro-orbital ordering is found to give rise to the recently observed highly anisotropic magnetic coupling, and drive the phase transitions--without resorting to widely employed frustration or nesting picture. The revealed necessity of the additional orbital physics leads to a correlated electronic structure fundamentally distinct from that of the cuprates. In particular, the strong coupling to the mag…
We examine electronic states of antiferromagnetic phase in iron pnictides by mean-field calculations of the optical conductivity. We find that a five-band model exhibiting a small magnetic moment, inconsistent with the first-principles calculations, reproduces well the excitation spectra characterized by a multi-peak structure emerging below the Néel temperature at low energy, together with an almost temperature-independent structure at high energy. Investigating the interlayer magnetoresistance for this model, we also predict its characteristic field dependence reflecting the Fermi surface.
We have discovered first homologous series of iron pnictide oxide superconductors (Fe2As2)(Can+1(Sc,Ti)nOy) [n = 3,4,5]. These compounds have extremely thick blocking layers up to quintuple perovskite oxide layers sandwiched by the Fe2As2 layers. These samples exhibited bulk superconductivity with relatively high Tc up to 42 K. The relationship between Tc and the iron-plane interlayer distance suggested that superconductivity due to the mono Fe2As2 layer is substantially 40 K-class.
In the present study we have examined the effect of negative chemical pressure in iron pnictides. We have synthesized substitution series replacing arsenic by antimony in a number of 1111- and 122-iron arsenides and present their crystallographic and physical properties. The SDW transition temperature in LaFeAs$_{\mathrm{1-x}}$Sb$_{\mathrm{x}}$O decreases with increasing antimony content, while the superconducting transition temperature in LaFeAs$_{\mathrm{1-x}}$Sb$_{\mathrm{x}}$O$_{\mathrm{0.85}}$F$_{\mathrm{0.15}}$ initially increases with Sb substitution. 1111-compounds with samarium instea…
The phenomenology of the iron pnictide superconductor can be described by the threeband s+- Eliashberg theory in which the mechanism of superconducting coupling is mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and whose characteristic energy W0 scales with Tc according to the empirical law W0 = 4.65kBTc. This model presents the universal characteristics that are independent of the critical temperature, such as the link between the two free parameters l13 and l23 and the ratio Di/kBTc.
We compare the one-loop functional renormalization group results for the cuprates and the iron pnictides. Interestingly a coherent picture suggesting that antiferromagnetic correlation causes pairing for both materials emerges.
Nuclear magnetic relaxation rate 1/T_1 in iron-pnictide superconductors is calculated using the gap function obtained in a microscopic calculation. Based on the obtained results, we discuss the issues such as the rapid decrease of 1/T_1 just below the transition temperature and the difference between nodeless and nodal s-wave gap functions. We also investigate the effect of Coulomb interaction on 1/T_1 in the random phase approximation and show its importance in interpreting the experimental results.
While in strongly correlated materials one often focuses on local electronic correlations, the influence of non-local exchange and correlation effects beyond band-theory can be pertinent in systems with more extended orbitals. Thus in many compounds an adequate theoretical description requires the joint treatment of local and non-local self-energies. Here, I will argue that this is the case for the iron pnictide and chalcogenide superconductors. As an approach to tackle their electronic structure, I will detail the implementation of the recently proposed scheme that combines the quasi-particle…
The recent discovery of superconductivity at moderately high temperature (26 K to 55 K) in doped iron-based pnictides (LnO_{1-x}F_xFeAs, where Ln = La, Ce, Sm, Pr, Nd, etc.), having layered-structure-like cuprates, has triggered renewed challenge towards understanding the pairing mechanism. After reviewing the current findings on these systems, a theoretical model of a combined mechanism is suggested in which the phonon-mediated and distortion-field-mediated pairing processes give the right order of superconducting critical temperature T_c. The distortion-field modes arise from Jahn-Teller or …
We examine the magnetic phase diagram of iron pnictides using a five band model. For the intermediate values of the interaction expected to hold in the iron pnictides, we find a metallic low moment state characterized by antiparallel orbital magnetic moments. The anisotropy of the interorbital hopping amplitudes is the key to understanding this low moment state. This state accounts for the small magnetization measured in undoped iron pnictides and leads to the strong exchange anisotropy found in neutron experiments. Orbital ordering is concomitant with magnetism and produces the large zx orbit…
Single impurity problem in iron-pnictide superconductors is investigated by solving Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equation in the five-orbital model, which enables us to distinguish s$_{+-}$ and s$_{++}$ superconducting states. We construct a five-orbital model suitable to BdG analysis. This model reproduces the results of random phase approximation in the uniform case. Using this model, we study the local density of states around a non-magnetic impurity and discuss the bound-state peak structure, which can be used for distinguishing s$_{+-}$ and s$_{++}$ states. A bound state with nearly zero-en…
We examine the spin and charge excitations in antiferromagnetic iron pnictides by mean-field calculations with a random phase approximation in a five-band itinerant model. The calculated excitation spectra reproduce well spin-wave dispersions observed in inelastic neutron scattering, with a realistic magnetic moment for CaFe$_2$As$_2$. A particle-hole gap is found to be crucial to obtain consistent results; we predict the spin wave in LaFeAsO disappears at a lower energy than in CaFe$_2$As$_2$. We analyze that the charge dynamics to make predictions for resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spec…
The phenomenology of iron-pnictides superconductors can be explained in the framework of a three bands s\pm wave Eliashberg theory with only two free parameters plus a feedback effect i.e. the effect of the condensate on the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuactions responsible of the superconductivity in these compounds. I have examined the experimental data of four materials: LaFeAsO1-xFx, SmFeAsO1-xFx, Ba1-xKxFe2As2, and Ba(FexCo1-x)2As2 and I have found that it is possible to reproduce the experimental critical temperature and gap values in a moderate strong-coupling regime: ltot about 1.7-2.0.
Examination of the electrical resistivities of iron pnictides shows that they can be accounted by conduction by polarons. Their activation energies show a linear behaviour with the critical temperatures of the spin density waves (SDW), T*, as both vary with pressure. The slope matches the ratio SDW gap to T*, while the intercept can be related to the transition temperature of the lattice distortion, T0. An adapted Landau free energy predicts the observed order of the transitions, according to which is higher, T* or T0. Simple arguments favour combined Jahn-Teller antiferromagnetic bipolarons.
We pointed out that the main claim of Ref.[1] that the presence of the orbital degree of freedom is essential to describe the correct impurity effects for Iron-based superconductors is incorrect and demonstrated the equivalent results of Tc suppression due to impurities by both the band basis model and the orbital basis model.
We investigate the 16-band d-p model for iron pnictide superconductors in the presence of the electron-phonon coupling g with the orthorhombic mode which is crucial for reproducing the recently observed ultrasonic softening. Within the RPA, we obtain the ferro-orbital order below TQ which induces the tetragonal-orthorhombic structural transition at Ts = TQ, together with the stripe-type antiferromagnetic order below TN. Near the phase transitions, the system shows the s++ wave superconductivity due to the orbital fluctuation for a large g case with TQ > TN, while the s+- wave due to the magnet…
THz and infrared spectroscopy is widely utilized to investigate the electrodynamic properties of the novel iron-based superconductors in the normal and superconducting states. Besides electronic excitations and correlations, electron-phonon coupling and the influence of magnetism, the experiments yield important information on low-lying excitations and help to clarify the number and symmetry of superconducting gaps. While the experimental data of different groups converge, the interpretation is still under debate. Here we review the status of optical investigations on the superconducting state…
The relationship between antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and superconductivity has become a central topic of research in studies of superconductivity in the iron pnictides. We present unambiguous evidence of the absence of magnetic fluctuations in the non-superconducting collapsed tetragonal phase of CaFe2As2 via inelastic neutron scattering time-of-flight data, which is consistent with the view that spin fluctuations are a necessary ingredient for unconventional superconductivity in the iron pnictides. We demonstrate that the collapsed tetragonal phase of CaFe2As2 is non-magnetic, and dis…
We study the condition for optimizing superconductivity in the iron pnictides from the lattice structure point of view. Studying the band structure of the hypothetical lattice structure of LaFeAsO, the hole Fermi surface multiplicity is found to be maximized around the Fe-As-Fe bond angle regime where the arsenic atoms form a regular tetrahedron. Superconductivity is optimized within this three hole Fermi surface regime, while the stoner factor of the antiferromagnetism has an overall tendency of increasing upon decreasing the bond angle. Combining also the effect of the varying the Fe-As bond…
Superconductivity in iron pnictides is studied by using a two-orbital Hubbard model in the large U limit. The Coulomb repulsion induces an orbital-dependent pairing between charge carriers. The pairing is found mainly from the scattering within the same Fermi pocket. The inter-pocket pair scatterings determine the symmetry of the superconductivity, which is extended s-wave at small Hund's coupling, and d-wave at large Hund's coupling and large U. The former is consistent with recent experiments of ARPES and Andreev reflection spectroscope.
The development of the PIT fabrication process of iron pnictide superconducting wires and tapes has been carried out in order to enhance their transport properties. Silver was found to be the best sheath material, since no reaction layer was observed between the silver sheath and the superconducting core. The grain connectivity of iron pnictide wires and tapes has been markedly improved by employing Ag or Pb as dopants. At present, critical current densities in excess of 3750 A/cm^2 (Ic = 37.5 A) at 4.2 K have been achieved on Ag-sheathed SrKFeAs wires prepared with the above techniques, which…
The iron pnictides and the cuprates represent two families of materials, where strong antiferromagnetic correlation drives three other distinct ordering tendencies: (1) superconducting pairing, (2) Fermi surface distortion, and (3) orbital current order. We propose that (1)-(3) and the antiferromagnetic correlation are the hallmarks of a class of strongly correlated materials to which the cuprates and pnictides belong. In this paper we present the results of the functional renormalization group studies to support the above claim. In addition, we show that as a function of the interlayer hoppin…
We discuss the discrepancy between the measured optical Drude weight and band structure calculations in LaFePO and other iron-based superconductors. This discrepancy is mostly due to mass renormalization arising from electronic correlation effects.
Normal state spin dynamics of the recently discovered iron-pnictide superconductors is discussed by calculating spin structure factor S(q, omega) in an itinerant five-band model within RPA approximation. Due to the characteristic Fermi surface structure of iron-pnictide, column like response is found at (pi, 0) in extended Brillouin zone in the undoped case, which is consistent with the recent neutron scattering experiment. This indicates that the localized spin model is not necessary to explain the spin dynamics of this system. Furthermore, we show that the temperature dependence of inelastic…
We develop the formalism for computing the oscillations of the specific heat and thermal transport under rotated magnetic field in multiband superconductors with anisotropic gap and apply it to iron-pnictides. We show that these oscillations change sign at low temperatures and fields, which strongly influences the conclusions about the gap structure based on experiment. We find that recent measurements of the specific heat oscillations indicate that the iron-based superconductors possess an anisotropic gap with deep minima or nodes close to the line connecting electron and hole pockets. We mak…
This review discusses and compares electronic spectra of new iron-based high-temperature superconductors (HTSC), as well as a number of chemically similar compounds. Particular attention is payed to iron chalcogenide K_{1-x}Fe_{2-y}Se_2, which is isostructural to BaFe_2As_2 (122) pnictide. It is shown, that Fermi surfaces of K_{1-x}Fe_{2-y}Se_2 are essentially different from those for pnictides. Using LDA+DMFT and LDA'+DMFT calculations we show, that electronic correlations in K_{1-x}Fe_{2-y}Se_2 influence the electronic structure much more significantly, than in the most studied 122 system. W…
In conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductors, superconductivity occurs when electrons form coherent Cooper pairs below the superconducting transition temperature Tc. Although the kinetic energy of paired electrons increases in the superconducting state relative to the normal state, the reduction in the ion lattice energy is sufficient to give the superconducting condensation energy. For iron pnictide superconductors derived from electron or hole doping of their antiferromagnetic (AF) parent compounds, the microscopic origin for supercnductivity is unclear. Here we use neutro…
Electrical resistivity measurements of detwinned single crystals of the representative iron arsenide Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ reveal a dramatic in-plane anisotropy associated with the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural transition that precedes the onset of long-range antiferromagnetic order. These results indicate that the structural transition in this family of compounds is fundamentally electronic in origin.
Two major themes in the physics of condensed matter are quantum critical phenomena and unconventional superconductivity. These usually occur in the context of competing interactions in systems of strongly-correlated electrons. All this interesting physics comes together in the behavior of the recently discovered iron pnictide compounds that have generated enormous interest because of their moderately high-temperature superconductivity. The ubiquity of antiferromagnetic ordering in their phase diagrams naturally raises the question of the relevance of magnetic quantum criticality, but the answe…
The electronic and magnetic structures in the normal and superconducting states of iron pnictides are investigated by solving self-consistently the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation. It is shown that strong electron correlations can induce domain walls, which separate regions with different spin density wave orders. At zero or low electron doping, $90^\circ$ domain walls are formed while anti-phase domain walls are produced at higher electron doping. On the domain walls, larger electron densities are always present. The results agree qualitatively with recent observations of scanning tunneling mic…
We investigate the role of gap characteristics such as anisotropy and inequality of the gaps in the quasiparticle interferences of iron pnictides using a five-orbital tight-binding model. We examine how the difference in the sensitivities exhibited by the sign-changing and -preserving $s$-wave superconductivity in an annular region around ($π, 0$), which can be used to determine the sign change of the superconducting gap, gets affected when the gaps are unequal on the electron and hole pocket. In addition, we also discuss how robust these differentiating features are on changing the quasiparti…
Impurity scattering is found to lead to quasi-one dimensional nanoscale modulation of the local density of states in the iron pnictides and chalcogenides. This `quasiparticle interference' feature is remarkably similar across a wide variety of pnictide and chalcogenide phases, suggesting a common origin. We show that a unified understanding of the experiments can be obtained by simply invoking a four-fold symmetry breaking $d_{xz}-d_{yz}$ orbital splitting, of a magnitude already suggested by the experiments. This can explain the one-dimensional characteristics in the local density of states o…
Consecutive proton irradiation of iron pnictides reduces the superconducting transition temperature to decrease monotonically. Our systematic optical THz investigations of Ba(Fe$_{0.9}$Co$_{0.1}$)$_2$As$_2$ thin films reveal, however, that the low-energy superconducting gap is first suppressed, but recovers for higher irradiation doses. At the same time the decrease of the superfluid density with disorder comes to a halt. These observations are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations, which predict a disorder-induced transition of the order parameter from $s_{\pm}$ to $s_{++}$ sym…
We have observed the Josephson effect in junctions formed between single crystals of SrFe1.74Co0.26As2 and Ba0.23K0.77Fe2As2. I-V curves showed resistively-shunted junction characteristics, and the ac Josephson effect was observed under microwave irradiation. By applying an in-plane magnetic field, the critical current is completely modulated and shows a relatively symmetric diffraction pattern, consistent with the intermediate junction limit. The observation of the Josephson effect in the p-n bicrystal structure not only has significant implications for designing phase-sensitive junctions to …
Charge doping of iron-pnictide superconductors leads to collective pinning of flux vortices, whereas isovalent doping does not. Moreover, flux pinning in the charge-doped compounds is consistently described by the mean-free path fluctuations introduced by the dopant atoms, allowing for the extraction of the elastic quasiparticle scattering rate. The absence of scattering by dopant atoms in isovalently doped BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$ is consistent with the observation of a linear temperature dependence of the low-temperature penetration depth in this material.
We have synthesized CuFeAs, a new iron-pnictide compound with a layered tetragonal Cu2Sb type structure (space group P4/nmm: a = b = 3.7442(2) Å and c = 5.8925(4) Å) that is identical to that of 111-type iron-based superconductors. Our measurements suggest that in low applied magnetic field it undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition below TN ~ 9 K. When compared with the ground state of CuFeSb, recently reported 111-type ferromagnetic material (TC ~ 375 K), it has important implication with regard to the nature of Fe-Fe magnetic interaction in Fe-As materials. CuFeAs does not exhibit superco…
In this review, the authors present a summary of experimental reports on newly discovered iron-based superconductors as they were known at the end of 2008. At the same time, this paper is intended to be useful for experimenters to know the current status of these superconductors. The authors introduce experimental results that reveal basic physical properties in the normal and superconducting states. The similarities and differences between iron-pnictide superconductors and other unconventional superconductors are also discussed.
We study Josephson junctions between a multi-band iron-pnictide Ba1-xNaxFe2As2 and conventional s-wave superconductors Nb and Cu/Nb bilayer. We observe that junctions with a Cu interlayer exhibit much larger IcRn, despite a weaker proximity-induced superconductivity. This counterintuitive result is attributed to the difference in Fermi surface geometries of Nb and Cu, which leads to a selective one-band tunneling from Cu and a non-selective multi-band tunnelng from Nb. The latter leads to a mutual cancellation of supercurrents due to the sign-reversal s+- symmetry of the order parameter in the…
We present a phenomenological theory of quasiparticle scattering and transport relaxation in the normal state of iron pnictides based on the simplified two-band model coupled via spin fluctuations. In analogy with anomalous properties of cuprates it is shown that a large and anomalous normal-state resistivity and thermopower can be interpreted as the consequence of strong coupling to spin fluctuations. The generalization to the superconducting phase is also discussed.
In the iron pnictide superconductors, theoretical calculations have consistently shown enhancements of the static magnetic susceptibility at both the stripe-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) and in-plane ferromagnetic (FM) wavevectors. However, the possible existence of FM fluctuations has not yet been examined from a microscopic point of view. Here, using $^{75}$As NMR data, we provide clear evidence for the existence of FM spin correlations in both the hole- and electron-doped BaFe$_2$As$_2$ families of iron-pnictide superconductors. These FM fluctuations appear to compete with superconductivity …
Based on a phenomenological model with $s_{\pm}$ or s-wave pairing symmetry, the mixed-state effect on the low-energy spin dynamics in optimally-doped iron pnictide superconductors is studied by solving Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. Our results of the spin susceptibility at $\mathbf{q}=\mathbf{Q}$ in the normal, superconducting and mixed states agree qualitatively with recent neutron scattering experiments. We also propose that the field-induced intensity change shows different behaviors between the $s_{\pm}$ and s-wave symmetries in both momentum and real space, thus it can be used to disti…
