arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 0902.4292astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
收藏

对和电子-离子等离子体的广义相对论磁流体力学方程

Generalized Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Equations for Pair and Electron-Ion Plasmas

Shinji Koide

摘要:

在相对论双流体近似下,导出了电子-$^\pm$对等离子体和电子-离子等离子体的单流体方程,揭示了它们行为的相对论性质。在相对论性单流体方程的基础上,假设简单的条件,提出了满足因果关系的广义相对论性磁流体动力学方程。我们示出这些方程的线性分析关于各种等离子体波,以显示这里导出的广义RMHD方程的有效性,并揭示对等离子体和电子-离子等离子体的独特性质。不同的性质涉及(i)电荷的惯性效应,(ii)电流的动量,(iii)相对论性霍尔效应,(iv)热电动势,以及(v)两种流体之间的热化能量交换。利用推广的RMHD方程,我们还阐明了使用标准RMHD方程的条件以及对等离子体和电子-离子等离子体需要不同的RMHD方程。只有当两种流体的相对速度是非相对论性的,两种流体的焓密度之差远小于总焓密度时,标准的RMHD才是有效的,并且电子-离子对等离子体的上述特性可以忽略不计。我们讨论了适用于黑洞磁层中电子对和电子-离子等离子体的广义相对论方程。我们求出了旋转黑洞的有效电阻率。

英文摘要:

We derived one-fluid equations based on a relativistic two-fluid approximation of e$^\pm$ pair plasma and electron-ion plasma to reveal the specific relativistic nature of their behavior. Assuming simple condition on the relativistic one-fluid equations, we propose generalized relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) equations which satisfy causality. We show the linear analyses of these equations regarding various plasma waves to show the validity of the generalized RMHD equations derived here and to reveal the distinct properties of the pair plasma and electron-ion plasma. The distinct properties relate to (i) the inertia effect of electric charge, (ii) the momentum of electric current, (iii) the relativistic Hall effect, (iv) the thermal electromotive force, and (v) the thermalized energy exchange between the two fluids. Using the generalized RMHD equations, we also clarify the condition that we can use standard RMHD equations and that we need the distinct RMHD equations of pair and electron-ion plasmas. The standard RMHD is available only when the relative velocity of the two fluids is nonrelativistic, a difference of the enthalpy densities of the two fluids is much smaller than the total enthalpy density, and the above distinct properties of the pair/electron-ion plasma are negligible. We discuss a general relativistic version of the equations applicable to the pair and electron-ion plasmas in black hole magnetospheres. We find the effective resistivity due to shear of frame ragging around a rotating black hole.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑