We present a practical way of smoothing discrete breakup S-matrix elements calculated by the continuum-discretized coupled-channel method (CDCC). This method makes the smoothing procedure much easier. The reliability of the smoothing method is confirmed for the three-body breakup reactions, 58Ni(d,pn) at 80 MeV and 12C(6He,4He2n) at 229.8 MeV.
We re-examine the deuteron elastic breakup cross sections on 12C and 10Be at low incident energies, for which a serious discrepancy between the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC) and the Faddeev-Alt-Grassberger-Sandhas theory (FAGS) was pointed out. We show the closed-channels neglected in the preceding study affect significantly the breakup cross section calculated with CDCC, resulting in good agreement with the result of FAGS.
We present a method for smoothing discrete breakup $S$-matrix elements calculated by the method of continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC). This smoothing method makes it possible to apply CDCC to four-body breakup reactions. The reliability of the smoothing method is confirmed for two cases, $^{58}$Ni($d$, $p n$) at 80 MeV and the $E1$ transition of $^6$He. We apply CDCC with the smoothing method to $^6$He breakup reaction at 22.5 MeV. Multi-step breakup processes are found to be important.
We propose a fully quantum-mechanical method of treating four-body nuclear breakup processes in scattering of a projectile consisting of three constituents, by extending the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method. The three-body continuum states of the projectile are discretized by diagonalizing the internal Hamiltonian of the projectile with the Gaussian basis functions. For $^6$He+$^{12}$C scattering at 18 and 229.8 MeV, the validity of the method is tested by convergence of the elastic and breakup cross sections with respect to increasing the number of the basis functions. Effects of…
Relativistic effects in the breakup of weakly-bound nuclei at intermediate energies are studied by means of the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method with eikonal approximation. Nuclear coupling potentials with Lorentz contraction are newly included and those effects on breakup cross sections are investigated. We show that relativistic corrections lead to larger breakup cross sections. Coupled-channel effects on the breakup cross sections are also discussed.
A new method of pseudo-state discretization is proposed for the method of continuum discretized coupled channels (CDCC) to deal with three-body breakup processes. We propose real- and complex-range Gaussian bases for the pseudo-state wave functions, and show that they form in good approximation a complete set in the configuration space which is important for breakup processes. Continuous S-matrix elements are derived with the approximate completeness from discrete ones calculated by CDCC. Accuracy of the method is tested quantitatively for two realistic examples, d+$^{58}$Ni scattering at 80 M…
Development of the method of CDCC (Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels) from the level of three-body CDCC to that of four-body CDCC is reviewed. Introduction of the pseudo-state method based on the Gaussian expansion method for discretizing the continuum states of two-body and three-body projectiles plays an essential role in the development. Furthermore, introduction of the complex-range Gaussian basis functions is important to improve the CDCC for nuclear breakup so as to accomplish that for Coulomb and nuclear breakup. A successful application of the four-body CDCC to $^6$He+$^{12}$C sca…
Background: In the continuum-discretized coupled-channel method, a breakup cross section (BUX) is obtained as an admixture of several components of different channels in multi-channel scattering. Purpose: Our goal is to propose an approximate way of decomposing the discretized BUX into components of each channel. This approximation is referred to as the "probability separation (P-separation)". Method: As an example, we consider $^{11}$Be scattering by using the three-body model with core excitation ($^{10}\mathrm{Be}+n+\mathrm{T}$, where T is a target). The structural part is constructed by th…
A novel approach is developed to find the three-body breakup amplitudes and cross sections within the modified Faddeev equation framework. The method is based on the lattice-like discretization of the three-body continuum with a three-body stationary wave-packet basis in momentum space. The approach makes it possible to simplify drastically all the three- and few-body breakup calculations due to discrete wave-packet representations for the few-body continuum and simultaneous lattice representation for all the scattering operators entering the integral equation kernels. As a result, the few-bod…
The Generalized Fermi Breakup recently demonstrated to be formally equivalent to the Statistical Multifragmentation Model, if the contribution of excited states are included in the state densities of the former, is implemented. Since this treatment requires the application of the Statistical Multifragmentation Model repeatedly on the hot fragments until they have decayed to their ground states, it becomes extremely computational demanding, making its application to the systems of interest extremely difficult. Based on exact recursion formulae previously developed by Chase and Mekjian to calcul…
The astrophysical factor for 7Be(p,γ)8B at zero energy, S17(0), is determined from an analysis of 208Pb(8B, p+7Be)208Pb at 52 MeV/nucleon by means of the method of continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) taking account of all nuclear and Coulomb breakup processes. The asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) method is used to extract S17(0) from the calculated breakup-cross-section. The main result of the present paper is S17(0)=20.9 +2.0/-1.9 eV b. The error consists of 8.4% experimental systematic error and the error due to the ambiguity in the s-wave p-7Be scattering length. This va…
This is a review on recent developments of the continuum discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC) and its applications to nuclear physics, cosmology and astrophysics, and nuclear engineering. The theoretical foundation of CDCC is shown, and a microscopic reaction theory for nucleus-nucleus scattering is constructed as an underlying theory of CDCC. CDCC is then extended to treat Coulomb breakup and four-body breakup. We also propose a new theory that makes CDCC applicable to inclusive reactions
We apply the Lagrange-mesh method to discretize continuum states of weakly bound nuclei for continuum-discretized coupled-channel (CDCC) calculations of three-body breakup reactions. This discretization method is compared with the bin method, which is regarded as the standard continuum discretization method, for the $d$ and $^6$Li induced reactions. An improved Numerov algorithm is used to solve the coupled channels equations, which permits a fast integration of equations and a convenient treatment of the closed channels. A new CDCC model code named \emph{CDCC-R} is developed. In all cases, th…
We accurately analyze the $^6$He+$^{209}$Bi scattering at 19 and 22.5 MeV near the Coulomb barrier energy, using the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC) based on the $n$+$n$+$^4$He+$^{209}$Bi four-body model. The three-body breakup continuum of $^6$He is discretized by diagonalizing the internal Hamiltonian of $^6$He in a space spanned by the Gaussian basis functions. The calculated elastic and total reaction cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data, while the CDCC calculation based on the di-neutron model of $^6$He, i.e., the $^2n$+$^{4}$He+$^{209}$Bi t…
A novel method to extract the $B(E1)$ strength of a weakly bound nucleus from experimental Coulomb dissociation data is proposed. The method makes use of continuum discretized coupled channels (CDCC) calculations, in which both nuclear and Coulomb forces are taken into account to all orders. This is a crucial advantage with respect to the standard procedure based on the Equivalent Photon Method (EPM) which does not properly take into account nuclear distortion, higher order coupling effects, or Coulomb-nuclear interference terms. The procedure is applied to the $^{11}$Be nucleus using two sets…
Breakup reactions are one of the favored probes to study loosely bound nuclei, particularly those in the limit of stability forming a halo. In order to interpret such breakup experiments, the continuum discretized coupled channel method is typically used. In this study, the first Bayesian analysis of a breakup reaction model is performed. We use a combination of statistical methods together with a three-body reaction model (the continuum discretized coupled channel method) to quantify the uncertainties on the breakup observables due to the parameters in the effective potential describing the l…
The continuum discretized coupled channels (CDCC) method is compared to the exact solution of the three-body Faddeev equations in momentum space. We present results for: i) elastic and breakup observables of d-12C at E_d=56 MeV, ii) elastic scattering of d-58Ni at E_d=80 MeV, and iii) elastic, breakup and transfer observables for 11Be+p at E_{11Be}/A=38.4 MeV. Our comparative studies show that, in the first two cases, the CDCC method is a good approximation to the full three-body Faddeev solution, but for the 11Be exotic nucleus, depending on the observable or the kinematic regime, it may miss…
The Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) method is a well established theory for direct nuclear reactions which includes breakup to all orders. Alternatively, the 3-body problem can be solved exactly within the Faddeev formalism which explicitly includes breakup and transfer channels to all orders. With the aim to understand how CDCC compares with the exact 3-body Faddeev formulation, we study deuteron induced reactions on: i) $^{10}$Be at $E_{\rm d}= 21.4, 40.9 \; {\rm and} \; 71$ MeV; ii) $^{12}$C at $E_{\rm d} = 12 \; {\rm and} \; 56$ MeV; and iii) $^{48}$Ca at $E_{\rm d} = 56$ MeV…
The eXtended Continuum Discretized Coupled Channel (XCDCC) method is developed to treat reactions where core degrees of freedom play a role. The projectile is treated as a multi-configuration coupled channels system generated from a valence particle coupled to a deformed core which is allowed to excite. The coupled channels initial state breaks up into a coupled channels continuum which is discretized into bins, similarly to the original CDCC method. Core collective degrees of freedom are also included in the interaction of the core and the target, so that dynamical effects can occur during th…
An accurate treatment of Coulomb breakup reactions is presented by using both the Gaussian expansion method and the method of continuum discretized coupled channels. As $L^2$-type basis functions for describing bound- and continuum-states of a projectile, we take complex-range Gaussian functions, which form in good approximation a complete set in a large configuration space being important for Coulomb-breakup processes. Accuracy of the method is tested quantitatively for $^{8}{\rm B}+^{58}$Ni scattering at 25.8 MeV.
The continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) method is used to study the breakup of weakly-bound nuclei at intermediate energies collisions. For large impact parameters, the Eikonal CDCC (E-CDCC) method was applied. The effects of Lorentz contraction on the nuclear and Coulomb potentials have been investigated in details. Such effects tend to increase cross sections appreciably. We also show that, for loosely-bound nuclei, the contribution of the so-called close field is small and can be neglected.
We present a novel method of smoothing discrete breakup cross sections calculated by the method of continuum-discretized coupled-channels. The method based on the complex scaling method is tested with success for $^{58}$Ni($d$, $pn$) reaction at 80 MeV as an example of a three-body breakup reaction, and applied to $^{12}$C($^6$He, $nn^4$He) reaction at 229.8 MeV as a typical example of a four-body breakup reaction. The new method does not need to derive continuum states of the projectile in order to evaluate the breakup cross section as a smooth factor of the excitation energy of the projectil…
The problem of Coulomb breakup in the scattering of a two-body loosely bound projectile by a heavy target is addressed. A basis of transformed harmonic oscillator (THO) wave functions is used to discretize the projectile continuum and to diagonalize the Hamiltonian of the two-body system. Results for the reaction $^{8}$B+$^{58}$Ni at subcoulomb energies are presented. Comparison of different observables with those obtained with the standard Continuum Discretized Coupled-Channels (CDCC) method shows good agreement between both approaches.
Breakup reactions of loosely-bound nuclei are often used to extract structure and/or astrophysical information. Here we compare three non-perturbative reaction theories often used when analyzing breakup experiments, namely the continuum discretized coupled channel model, the time-dependent approach relying on a semiclassical approximation, and the dynamical eikonal approximation. Our test case consists of the breakup of 15C on Pb at 68 MeV/nucleon and 20 MeV/nucleon.
We analyze the $^{16}{\rm C}+p$ and $^{16}{\rm C}+d$ reactions within the four- and five-body Continuum Discretized Coupled Channel (CDCC) method. The $^{16}$C nucleus is described by a $^{14}{\rm C}+n+n$ configuration in hyperspherical coordinates. This description reproduces fairly well several $^{16}$C low-lying states. First we analyze the $2^+\rightarrow 0^+$ $E2$ transition amplitude, which confirms that an effective charge must be introduced to reproduce the experimental value. Then, proton and deuteron elastic and inelastic scattering are investigated by including $^{16}$C pseudostates…
The scattering of $^9$Be on $^{208}$Pb is addressed within a four-body Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels (CDCC) framework, considering a three-body $α+ α+ n$ projectile plus a structureless target. The projectile states are generated using the analytical Transformed Harmonic Oscillator (THO) basis in hyperspherical coordinates. Both the elastic and breakup channels are described on the same footing. We find a good agreement between our calculations and the experimental data at beam energies around and below the Coulomb barrier.
We have studied the transfer reaction $^{14}$N($^7$Be,$^8$B)$^{13}$C at (\mathrm{E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=84) MeV, paying special attention to the effects of the coupling to the continuum in the exit channel. Using the Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) formalism, we find that these effects are important for the description of the elastic scattering observables. However, for the transfer process, differences between the predictions of the differential cross section within the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) and the CDCC-Born approximation (CDCC-BA) are found to be negligible. This…
The elastic and alpha-production channels for the 6He+208Pb reaction are investigated at energies around the Coulomb barrier (E_{lab}=14, 16, 18, 22, and 27 MeV). The effect of the two-neutron transfer channels on the elastic scattering has been studied within the Coupled-Reaction-Channels (CRC) method. We find that the explicit inclusion of these channels allows a simultaneous description of the elastic data and the inclusive alpha cross sections at backward angles. Three-body Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels (CDCC) calculations are found to reproduce the elastic data, but not the trans…
New experimental results for the elastic scattering of 6He on 64Zn at incident energies of 15.0 and 18.0 MeV and 4He at 17.5 MeV along with results already published at 10.0 and 13.6 MeV, are presented. Elastic and alpha experimental cross sections are compared with coupled-reaction-channel, continuum-discretized coupledchannel, and DWBA inclusive-breakup models. The large yield of alpha particles observed at all measured energies can be explained by considering a nonelastic breakup mechanism.
The effect of core excitation in the elastic scattering and breakup of a two-body halo nucleus on a stable target nucleus is studied. The structure of the weakly-bound projectile is described in the weak-coupling limit, assuming a particle-rotor model. The eigenfunctions and the associated eigenvalues are obtained by diagonalizing this Hamiltonian in a square-integrable basis (pseudo-states). For the radial coordinate between the particle and the core, a transformed harmonic oscillator (THO) basis is used. For the reaction dynamics, an extension of the Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels (C…
The astrophysical factor of the 8B(p,gamma)9C at zero energy, S18(0), is determined from three-body model analysis of 9C breakup processes. The elastic breakup 208Pb(9C,p8B)208Pb at 65 MeV/nucleon and the one-proton removal reaction of 9C at 285 MeV/nucleon on C and Al targets are calculated with the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC) and the eikonal reaction theory (ERT), respectively. The asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) of 9C in the p-8B configuration extracted from the two reactions show good consistency, in contrast to in the previous studies. As a result of th…
We propose a new method for evaluating incomplete and complete fusion cross sections separately using the Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels method. This method is applied to analysis of the deuteron induced reaction on a 7Li target up to 50 MeV of the deuteron incident energy. Effects of deuteron breakup on this reaction are explicitly taken into account. Results of the method are compared with those of the Glauber model, and the difference between the two is discussed. It is found that the energy dependence of the incomplete fusion cross sections obtained by the present calculation is al…
Breakup reactions are one of the main tools for the study of exotic nuclei, and in particular of their continuum. In order to get valuable information from measurements, a precise reaction model coupled to a fair description of the projectile is needed. We assume that the projectile initially possesses a cluster structure, which is revealed by the dissociation process. This structure is described by a few-body Hamiltonian involving effective forces between the clusters. Within this assumption, we review various reaction models. In semiclassical models, the projectile-target relative motion is …
The astrophysical factor of $^8$B($p$,$γ$)$^9$C at zero energy, $S_{18}(0)$, is determined by a three-body coupled-channels analysis of the transfer reaction $^{8}$B($d$,$n$)$^{9}$C at 14.4 MeV/nucleon. Effects of the breakup channels of $d$ and $^9$C are investigated with the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method. It is found that, in the initial and final channels, respectively, the transfer process through the breakup states of $d$ and $^9$C, its interference with that through their ground states in particular, gives a large increase in the transfer cross section. The finite-range e…
The influence on fusion of coupling to the breakup process is investigated for reactions where at least one of the colliding nuclei has a sufficiently low binding energy for breakup to become an important process. Elastic scattering, excitation functions for sub-and near-barrier fusion cross sections, and breakup yields are analyzed for $^{6,7}$Li+$^{59}$Co. Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels (CDCC) calculations describe well the data at and above the barrier. Elastic scattering with $^{6}$Li (as compared to $^{7}$Li) indicates the significant role of breakup for weakly bound projectiles. …
A microscopic version of the Continuum Discretized Coupled Channel (CDCC) method is used to investigate $^{6}$He scattering on $^{27}$Al, $^{58}$Ni, $^{120}$Sn, and $^{208}$Pb at energies around the Coulomb barrier. The $^{6}$He nucleus is described by an antisymmetric 6-nucleon wave function, defined in the Resonating Group Method. The $^{6}$He continuum is simulated by square-integrable positive-energy states. The model is based only on well known nucleon-target potentials, and is therefore does not depend on any adjustable parameter. I show that experimental elastic cross sections are fairl…
We present a new reaction model, which permits the description of reactions where both colliding nuclei present a low threshold to breakup. The method corresponds to a four-body extension of the Continuum Discretized Coupled Channel (CDCC) model. We first discuss the theoretical formalism, and then apply the method to 11Be+d scattering at Ecm = 45.5 MeV. The 11Be nucleus and the deuteron are described by 10Be+n and p + n structures, respectively. The model involves very large bases, but we show that an accurate description of elastic-scattering data may be achieved only when continuum states o…
The breakup cross section (BUX) of 22C by 12C at 250 MeV/nucleon is evaluated by the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method incorporating the cluster-orbital shell model (COSM) wave functions. Contributions of the low-lying 0+_2 and 2+_1 resonances predicted by COSM to the BUX are investigated. The 2+_1 resonance gives a narrow peak in the BUX, as in usual resonant reactions, whereas the 0+_2 resonant cross section has a peculiar shape due to the coupling to the nonresonant continuum, i.e., the Fano effect. By changing the scattering angle of 22C after the breakup, a variety of shapes o…
With the recent availability of state-of-the-art heavy-ion stable and radioactive beams, there has been a renew interest in the investigation of nuclear reactions with heavy ions. I first present the role of inelastic and transfer channel couplings in fusion reactions induced by stable heavy ions. Analysis of experimental fusion cross sections by using standard coupled-channel calculations is discussed. The role of multi-neutron transfer is investigated in the fusion process below the Coulomb barrier by analyzing $^{32}$S+$^{90,96}$Zr as benchmark reactions. The enhancement of fusion cross sec…
The effect of breakup is investigated for the medium weight $^{6}$Li+$^{59}$Co system in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. The strong coupling of breakup/transfer channels to fusion is discussed within a comparison of predictions of the Continuum Discretized Coupled-Channels model which is also applied to $^{6}$He+$^{59}$Co a reaction induced by the borromean halo nucleus $^{6}$He.
With the recent availability of state-of-the-art radioactive ion beams, there has been a renew interest in the investigation of nuclear reactions with heavy ions near the Coulomb barrier. The role of inelastic and transfer channel couplings in fusion reactions induced by stable heavy ions can be revisited. Detailed Analysis of recent experimental fusion cross sections by using standard coupled-channel calculations is first discussed. Multi-neutron transfer effects are introduced in the fusion process below the Coulomb barrier by analyzing 32S+90,96Zr as benchmark reactions. The enhancement of …
The $^9$C nucleus and related capture reaction, ${^8\mathrm{B}}(p,γ){^9\mathrm{C}}$, have been intensively studied with an astrophysical interest. Due to the weakly-bound nature of $^9$C, its structure is likely to be described as the three-body (${^7\mathrm{Be}}+p+p$). Its continuum structure is also important to describe reaction processes of $^9$C, with which the reaction rate of the ${^8\mathrm{B}}(p,γ){^9\mathrm{C}}$ process have been extracted indirectly. We perform three-body calculations on $^9$C and discuss properties of its ground and low-lying states via breakup reactions. We employ…
The effect of core excitations in transfer reactions of the form A(d, p)B has been found to affect significantly the calculated cross sections and to depend strongly and non-linearly on the incident deuteron energy in Faddeev/AGS calculations. Our goal is to investigate these effects within a coupled-channels formulation of the scattering problem which, in addition of being computationally less demanding than the Faddeev counterpart, may help shed some light into the physical interpretation of the cited effects. We use an extended version of the continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) me…
We investigate $^6$Li($n$, $n'$)$^6$Li$^*$ $\to$ $d$ + $α$ reactions by using the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method with the complex Jeukenne-Lejeune-Mahaux effective nucleon-nucleon interaction. In this study, the $^6$Li nucleus is described as a $d$ + $α$ cluster model. The calculated elastic cross sections for incident energies between 7.47 and 24.0 MeV are good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, we show the neutron spectra to $^6$Li breakup states measured at selected angular points and incident energies can be also reproduced systematically.
The Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels (CDCC) has been successfully employed to describe elastic and breakup of nuclear reactions induced by weakly bound projectiles. In this contribution, we review some other, less widespread applications of the CDCC wavefunction, some of them in combination with other reaction formalisms, which are being currently employed in the analysis of reactions involving three or more fragments in the initial or final state.
We investigate the influence of couplings among continuum states in collisions of weakly bound nuclei. For this purpose, we compare cross sections for complete fusion, breakup and elastic scattering evaluated by continuum discretized coupled channel (CDCC) calculations, including and not including these couplings. In our study, we discuss this influence in terms of the polarization potentials that reproduce the elastic wave function of the coupled coupled channel method in single channel calculations. We find that the inclusion of couplings among the continuum states renders the real part of t…
The two-step process of transfer followed by breakup is explored by measuring a rather complete set of exclusive data for reaction channels populating states in the ejectile continua of the $^7$Li+$^{93}$Nb system at energies close to the Coulomb barrier. The cross sections for $α+α$ events from one proton pickup were found to be smaller than those for $α+d$ events from one neutron stripping and $α+t$ events from direct breakup of $^7$Li. Coupled channels Born approximation and continuum discretized coupled channels calculations describe the data well and support the conclusion that the $α+d$ …
The influence on the fusion process of coupling transfer/breakup channels is investigated for the medium weight $^{6,7}$Li+$^{59}$Co systems in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. Coupling effects are discussed within a comparison of predictions of the Continuum Discretized Coupled-Channels model. Applications to $^{6}$He+$^{59}$Co induced by the borromean halo nucleus $^{6}$He are also proposed.
Subbarrier alpha transfer reaction 13C(6Li,d)17O(6.356 MeV, 1/2+) at 3.6 MeV is analyzed with a alpha + d + 13C three-body model, and the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) for alpha + 13C --> 17O(6.356 MeV, 1/2+), which essentially determines the reaction rate of 13C(alpha,n)16O, is extracted. Breakup effects of 6Li in the initial channel and those of 17O in the final channel are investigated with the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC). The former is found to have a large back-coupling to the elastic channel, while the latter turns out significantly small. The transf…
Atomic nuclei are composite systems, and they may be dynamically excited during nuclear reactions. Such excitations are not only relevant to inelastic scattering but they also affect other reaction processes such as elastic scattering and fusion. The coupled-channels approach is a framework which can describe these reaction processes in a unified manner. It expands the total wave function of the system in terms of the ground and excited states of the colliding nuclei, and solves the coupled Shrödinger equations to obtain the $S$-matrix, from which several cross sections can be constructed. Thi…
We employ a microscopic continuum-discretized coupled-channels reaction framework (MCDCC) to study the elastic angular distribution of the $^7$Li$=α+t$ nucleus colliding with $^{12}$C and $^{28}$Si targets at $E_{\text{Lab}}$=350 MeV. In this framework, the $^7$Li projectile is described in a microscopic cluster model and impinges on non-composite targets. The diagonal and coupling potentials are constructed from nucleon-target interactions and $^7$Li microscopic wave functions. We obtain a fair description of the experimental data, in the whole angular range studied, when continuum channels a…
We propose an extension of the Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) method, where the projectile is described by a microscopic cluster model. This microscopic generalization (MCDCC) only relies on nucleon-target interactions, and therefore presents an important predictive power. Core excitations can be included without any further parameter. As an example we investigate the $\lipb$ elastic scattering at $E_{lab}=27$ and 35 MeV. The $^7$Li nucleus is known to present an $α+t$ cluster structure, and is well described by the Resonating Group Method. An excellent agreement is obtained for…
Assessing continuum channel importance in continuum-discretized coupled-channels via dynamic polarization potential decomposition
School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University（同济大学物理科学与工程学院）；Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院近代物理研究所南方核科学理论中心）
Given the established 2 alpha structure of 8Be, a realistic model of 4 interacting alpha clusters must be used to obtain a 8Be+8Be interaction potential. Such a four-body problem poses a challenge for the determination of the 8Be+8Be optical potential (OP) that is still unknown due to the lack of the elastic 8Be+8Be scattering data. The main goal of the present study is to probe the complex 8Be+8Be optical potential in the coupled reaction channel (CRC) study of the alpha transfer 12C(alpha,8Be) reaction measured at 65 MeV, and to obtain the spectroscopic information on the alpha+8Be cluster c…
We investigate the $^9$Be + $^{208}$Pb elastic scattering, breakup and fusion at energies around the Coulomb barrier. The three processes are described simultaneously, with identical conditions of calculations. The $^{9}$Be nucleus is defined in an $α+ α$ + n three-body model, using the hyperspherical coordinate method. We first analyze spectroscopic properties of $^9$Be, and show that the model provides a fairly good description of the low-lying states. The scattering with $^{208}$Pb is then studied with the Continuum Discretized Coupled Channel (CDCC) method, where the $α+α$ + n continuum is…
Background: The influence of halo structure of $^6$He, $^8$B, $^{11}$Be and $^{11}$Li nuclei in several mechanisms such as direct reactions and fusion is already established, although not completely understood. The influence of the $^{10}$C Brunnian structure is less known. Purpose: To investigate the influence of the cluster configuration of $^{10}$C on the elastic scattering at an energy close to the Coulomb barrier. Methods: We present experimental data for the elastic scattering of the $^{10}$C+$^{208}$Pb system at $E_{\rm lab}$ = 66 MeV. The data are compared to the three- and the four-bo…
We study the evolution of a single-particle wave function during the collision of a one dimensional potential well by another well, which can be regarded as a simple model for the problem of the scattering of a one-neutron halo nucleus by another nucleus. This constitutes an effective three-body problem, whose solution in three dimensions can be extremely complicated, particularly when breakup and rearrangement channels are to be considered. Our one-dimensional model provides the essential three-body nature of this problem, and allows for a much simpler application and assessment of different …
