超对称凝聚体碎裂产生的引力波
Gravitational waves from the fragmentation of a supersymmetric condensate
摘要：
本文讨论了早期宇宙中超对称凝聚体碎裂产生的重力波。超对称性预言了势中平坦方向的存在。在暴胀结束时，标量场沿着这些平坦方向发展出大的依赖于时间的真空期望值。在一定的条件下，标量凝聚体会碎裂成非拓扑孤子，即Q球。我们研究了这一过程的数值和确认最近的分析计算表明，它可以产生重力波观测先进的激光干涉仪引力波天文台（LIGO），激光干涉仪空间天线（LISA），和大爆炸观测器（BBO）。碎裂作用产生的重力波振幅可达Omega_{GW} ~10^{-11}，峰值频率在mHz ~ 10 Hz之间，取决于参数。这种残余引力背景辐射的发现可以为高尺度物理学打开一扇新的窗口，即使超对称性在电弱尺度以上被破缺。
英文摘要：
We discuss the production of gravity waves from the fragmentation of a supersymmetric condensate in the early universe. Supersymmetry predicts the existence of flat directions in the potential. At the end of inflation, the scalar fields develop large time-dependent vacuum expectation values along these flat directions. Under some general conditions, the scalar condensates undergo a fragmentation into non-topological solitons, Q-balls. We study this process numerically and confirm the recent analytical calculations showing that it can produce gravity waves observable by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), and Big Bang Observer (BBO). The fragmentation can generate gravity waves with an amplitude as large as Omega_{GW}~10^{-11} and with a peak frequency ranging from mHz to 10 Hz, depending on the parameters. The discovery of such a relic gravitational background radiation can open a new window on the physics at the high scales, even if supersymmetry is broken well above the electroweak scale.
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