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arXiv 2202.08392hep-phastro-ph.COhep-th
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对数势中的电荷交换Q球与Affleck-Dine凝聚碎裂

Charge-Swapping Q-balls in a Logarithmic Potential and Affleck-Dine condensate fragmentation

Si-Yuan Hou, Paul M. Saffin, Qi-Xin Xie, Shuang-Yong Zhou

摘要:

我们研究电荷交换Q球,一种复合Q球,其中正电荷和负电荷共存,并与时间交换,在模型中的对数电位自然产生的超对称扩展的标准模型。我们表明,电荷交换Q球可以在早期宇宙的阿弗莱克-戴恩碎裂过程中大量产生。我们发现具有对数势的电荷交换Q球是非常稳定的。通过长时间的并行格子模拟和吸收边界条件,我们发现这种低多极子的物体的寿命在3+1D中至少为$4.6 \times 10^5/m$,在2+1D中至少为$2.5 \times 10^7/m$,其中$m$是标量场的质量尺度.我们还绘制了初始条件的吸引子盆地,以形成这些电荷交换Q球。

英文摘要:

We study charge-swapping Q-balls, a kind of composite Q-ball where positive and negative charges co-exist and swap with time, in models with a logarithmic potential that arises naturally in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. We show that charge-swapping Q-balls can be copiously generated in the Affleck-Dine fragmentation process in the early universe. We find that the charge-swapping Q-balls with the logarithmic potential are extremely stable. By performing long time, parallelized lattice simulations with absorbing boundary conditions, we find that the lifetimes of such objects with low multipoles are at least $4.6 \times 10^5/m$ in 3+1D and $2.5 \times 10^7/m$ in 2+1D, where $m$ is the mass scale of the scalar field. We also chart the attractor basin of the initial conditions to form these charge-swapping Q-balls.

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