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arXiv 0902.1060math.OC
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稀疏非负矩阵分解的欠近似方法

Using Underapproximations for Sparse Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Nicolas Gillis, François Glineur

摘要:

非负矩阵分解(Nonnegative Matrix Factorization)是将一个非负数据矩阵(nonnegative data matrix)近似分解为两个低秩非负矩阵的乘积。它已成功地应用于许多领域的数据分析技术,例如,文本挖掘,图像处理,微阵列数据分析,协同过滤等,我们介绍了一种新的方法来解决NMF问题,基于使用的欠近似技术,并显示其有效性,以获得稀疏的解决方案。这种方法,基于拉格朗日松弛,允许NMF问题的递归方式的决议。我们还证明了下近似问题是NP-困难的任何固定的分解秩,使用减少的最大边biclique问题的二部图。我们在几个标准图像数据集上测试了我们的欠近似方法的两个变体,并表明它们提供了具有低重建误差的稀疏部分表示。我们的结果是可比的,有时优于两个标准的稀疏非负矩阵分解技术。

英文摘要:

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization consists in (approximately) factorizing a nonnegative data matrix by the product of two low-rank nonnegative matrices. It has been successfully applied as a data analysis technique in numerous domains, e.g., text mining, image processing, microarray data analysis, collaborative filtering, etc. We introduce a novel approach to solve NMF problems, based on the use of an underapproximation technique, and show its effectiveness to obtain sparse solutions. This approach, based on Lagrangian relaxation, allows the resolution of NMF problems in a recursive fashion. We also prove that the underapproximation problem is NP-hard for any fixed factorization rank, using a reduction of the maximum edge biclique problem in bipartite graphs. We test two variants of our underapproximation approach on several standard image datasets and show that they provide sparse part-based representations with low reconstruction error. Our results are comparable and sometimes superior to those obtained by two standard Sparse Nonnegative Matrix Factorization techniques.

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