对巴西机构的科学影响的描述
A characterization of the scientific impact of Brazilian institutions
摘要：
在本文中，我们研究了巴西机构的所有科学的研究活动，也是他们在物理领域的表现1945年和2008年12月之间。所有数据都来自这一时期的Web of Science数据库。实验数据的分析表明，在一个非广泛的热统计形式主义，Tsallis \emph{q}指数分布$N(c)$可以构成一个新的表征巴西机构的研究影响。本调查中检查的数据可以通过应用通用曲线成功拟合，即，$N(c) \propto 1/[1+(q-1) c/T]^{\frac{1}{q-1}}$与$q\simeq 4/3$对于{ \it all}可用引用$c$，$T$是“有效温度”。本分析最终表明，通过“有效温度”$T$，我们可以提供一个新的性能指标的影响水平的研究活动在巴西，考虑到出版物的数量和它们的引用。这一新的绩效指标考虑到了巴西不同机构的“数量”（出版物数量）和“质量”（引用次数）。此外，我们分析了巴西的研究业绩，以显示科学研究活动如何随着时间的推移而变化，例如1945年至1985年，然后在1986年至1990年期间，1991年至1995年，等等，直到现在。最后，这项工作旨在展示一种新的方法，可以用来分析和比较一个给定的国家内的机构。
英文摘要：
In this paper we studied the research activity of Brazilian Institutions for all sciences and also their performance in the area of physics between 1945 and December 2008. All the data come from the Web of Science database for this period. The analysis of the experimental data shows that, within a nonextensive thermostatistical formalism, the Tsallis \emph{q}-exponential distribution $N(c)$ can constitute a new characterization of the research impact for Brazilian Institutions. The data examined in the present survey can be fitted successfully by applying a universal curve namely, $N(c) \propto 1/[1+(q-1) c/T]^{\frac{1}{q-1}}$ with $q\simeq 4/3$ for {\it all} the available citations $c$, $T$ being an "effective temperature". The present analysis ultimately suggests that via the "effective temperature" $T$, we can provide a new performance metric for the impact level of the research activity in Brazil, taking into account the number of the publications and their citations. This new performance metric takes into account the "quantity" (number of publications) and the "quality" (number of citations) for different Brazilian Institutions. In addition we analyzed the research performance of Brazil to show how the scientific research activity changes with time, for instance between 1945 to 1985, then during the period 1986-1990, 1991-1995, and so on until the present. Finally, this work intends to show a new methodology that can be used to analyze and compare institutions within a given country.
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