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arXiv 0902.0386astro-ph.GA
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Ia型超新星驱动的星系膨胀风

Type-Ia Supernova-driven Galactic Bulge Wind

Shikui Tang, Q. Daniel Wang, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low, M. Ryan Joung

摘要:

星系核球中的恒星反馈在塑造星系演化中起着至关重要的作用。为了量化这一作用并便于与X射线观测进行比较,我们使用自适应网格细化代码FLASH进行3D流体动力学模拟,以研究银河系凸起内部热气体的物理特性,类似于我们的银河系或M31。我们假设热气体的动力学和热性质主要由SNe(主要是Ia型)的机械能输入、演化恒星的质量注入以及SNe的铁富集所控制。我们研究了膨胀宽流出以及SN加热的规模下降到~4 pc。一个嵌入方案,设计种植个人SNR种子,允许检查,第一次,零星的SNe的密度,温度和铁喷出物分布的热气体,以及由此产生的X射线形态和光谱的影响。我们发现,SNe产生了一个具有高密度结构和斑块状喷出物的隆起风。与一维球形风模型相比,模拟的气体密度、温度和金属丰度的不均匀性大大改变了光谱形状,增加了漫射X射线的光度。模拟气体的差分排放量随温度的变化呈对数正态分布,峰值远低于相应的一维模型。大部分的X射线辐射来自相对较低的温度和低丰度的气体壳与SN冲击波。SN喷出物与周围介质没有很好的混合,至少在隆起区域是这样。这些结果,至少部分地解释了为什么在星系核球和中等质量椭圆星系的软X射线发射气体中明显缺乏铁富集的证据。[...]

英文摘要:

Stellar feedback in galactic bulges plays an essential role in shaping the evolution of galaxies. To quantify this role and facilitate comparisons with X-ray observations, we conduct 3D hydrodynamical simulations with the adaptive mesh refinement code, FLASH, to investigate the physical properties of hot gas inside a galactic bulge, similar to that of our Galaxy or M31. We assume that the dynamical and thermal properties of the hot gas are dominated by mechanical energy input from SNe, primarily Type Ia, and mass injection from evolved stars as well as iron enrichment from SNe. We study the bulge-wide outflow as well as the SN heating on scales down to ~4 pc. An embedding scheme that is devised to plant individual SNR seeds, allows to examine, for the first time, the effect of sporadic SNe on the density, temperature, and iron ejecta distribution of the hot gas as well as the resultant X-ray morphology and spectrum. We find that the SNe produce a bulge wind with highly filamentary density structures and patchy ejecta. Compared with a 1D spherical wind model, the non-uniformity of simulated gas density, temperature, and metallicity substantially alters the spectral shape and increases the diffuse X-ray luminosity. The differential emission measure as a function of temperature of the simulated gas exhibits a log-normal distribution, with a peak value much lower than that of the corresponding 1D model. The bulk of the X-ray emission comes from the relatively low temperature and low abundance gas shells associated with SN blastwaves. SN ejecta are not well mixed with the ambient medium, at least in the bulge region. These results, at least partly, account for the apparent lack of evidence for iron enrichment in the soft X-ray-emitting gas in galactic bulges and intermediate-mass elliptical galaxies.[...]

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