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arXiv 0902.0017astro-ph.GA
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隐藏在NGC 4565“盒形凸起”中的明显假凸起的检测

Detection of a Distinct Pseudobulge Hidden Inside the "Box-Shaped Bulge" of NGC 4565

John C. Barentine, John Kormendy

摘要:

N-body模拟表明,边缘靠近的星系的“盒形凸起”根本不是凸起:它们是侧面看去的条形。我们在像NGC 4565这样的边缘靠近的Sb星系中很容易看到的两个组成部分是盘和条形,但正面靠近的SBB星系总是显示盘、条形和(伪)凸起。NGC 4565中的(伪)凸起在哪里?我们使用档案哈勃太空望远镜K波段和斯皮策太空望远镜3.6微米图像穿透尘埃在NGC 4565。我们发现了一个高表面亮度,中央恒星组成部分,不同于四方形酒吧和星系的磁盘。它的短轴轮廓的Sersic指数为1.33+/-0.12,因此它是一个假隆起。在星系的任何组成部分中,伪球的尺度高度最小(约90 pc),而方形棒和薄盘的尺度高度为740 pc。盘状的伪凸起也比方形的棒小得多,所以星系的真实(伪)凸起与总光度之比以前认为的要小得多。我们推断,具有盒形凸起的边缘星系的伪凸起与总光度比通常被高估。因此,更多的星系比我们所认识的包含很少或根本没有证据的合并建立的经典隆起。这挑战了我们的星系形成的层次聚类图,因为很难在不产生大的经典凸起的情况下生长大的星系。解决了NGC 4565中“缺失的伪凸起”之谜,进一步增加了我们将盒形凸起正确理解为边缘棒的信心。这支持了我们对孤立星系中长期演化形成的伪凸起(包括边缘上的酒吧和盘状中心组件)的发展。

英文摘要:

N-body simulations show that "box-shaped bulges" of edge-on galaxies are not bulges at all: they are bars seen side-on. The two components that we readily see in edge-on Sb galaxies like NGC 4565 are a disk and a bar, but face-on SBb galaxies always show a disk, a bar, and a (pseudo)bulge. Where is the (pseudo)bulge in NGC 4565? We use archival Hubble Space Telescope K-band and Spitzer Space Telescope 3.6 um images to penetrate the dust in NGC 4565. We find a high surface brightness, central stellar component, distinct from the boxy bar and from the galaxy's disk. Its minor-axis profile has a Sersic index of 1.33+/-0.12, so it is a pseudobulge. The pseudobulge has the smallest scale height (~90 pc) of any component in the galaxy, in contrast to ~740 pc for the boxy bar plus thin disk. The disky pseudobulge is also much less luminous than the boxy bar, so the true (pseudo)bulge-to-total luminosity ratio of the galaxy is much less than previously thought. We infer that the pseudobulge-to-total luminosity ratios of edge-on galaxies with box-shaped bulges have generally been overestimated. Therefore more galaxies than we have recognized contain little or no evidence of a merger-built classical bulge. This challenges our picture of galaxy formation by hierarchical clustering, because it is difficult to grow big galaxies without also making a big classical bulge. Solving the puzzle of the "missing pseudobulge" in NGC 4565 further increases our confidence that we understand box-shaped bulges correctly as edge-on bars. This supports our developing picture of the formation of pseudobulges -- both edge-on bars and disky central components -- by secular evolution in isolated galaxies.

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