温和相对论等离子体的热化
Thermalization of the mildly relativistic plasma
摘要：
在最近的文献[1]中，我们采用动力学处理和数值求解相对论Boltzmann方程，研究了非平衡对等离子体向热平衡态的过渡。结果表明，能量范围为0.1-10 MeV的等离子体首先在t_{k} <10^{-14} sec的时间尺度上达到动力学平衡，在康普顿、巴巴和莫勒散射等二元相互作用以及对的产生和湮灭之间存在细致平衡。随后，电子-正电子-光子等离子体在时间尺度t_{th} <10^{-12}秒上接近热平衡，所有的直接和逆反应都达到了细致平衡。在本文中，我们系统地介绍了[1]中所使用的计算方案的细节，以及推广我们的处理，考虑到对等离子体的质子加载。当质子负载较大时，质子首先通过质子-质子散射热化，然后通过质子-电子散射与电子-正电子-光子等离子体热化。在相反的情况下，小质子加载质子-电子散射占主导地位的质子-质子之一。因此，在所有情况下，等离子体，甚至与质子混合，达到热平衡配置的时间尺度t_{th} <10^{-11}秒。我们表明，它是至关重要的，以占不仅二进制，但也三重直接和反向之间的相互作用，电子，正电子，光子和质子。给出了几个明确的例子，并确定相应的时间尺度达到动力学和热平衡。
英文摘要：
In the recent Letter [1] we considered the approach of nonequilibrium pair plasma towards thermal equilibrium state adopting a kinetic treatment and solving numerically the relativistic Boltzmann equations. It was shown that plasma in the energy range 0.1-10 MeV first reaches kinetic equilibrium, on a timescale t_{k}<10^{-14} sec, with detailed balance between binary interactions such as Compton, Bhabha and Moller scattering, and pair production and annihilation. Later the electron-positron-photon plasma approaches thermal equilibrium on a timescale t_{th}<10^{-12} sec, with detailed balance for all direct and inverse reactions. In the present paper we systematically present details of the computational scheme used in [1], as well as generalize our treatment, considering proton loading of the pair plasma. When proton loading is large, protons thermalize first by proton-proton scattering, and then with the electron-positron-photon plasma by proton-electron scattering. In the opposite case of small proton loading proton-electron scattering dominates over proton-proton one. Thus in all cases the plasma, even with proton admixture, reaches thermal equilibrium configuration on a timescale t_{th}<10^{-11} sec. We show that it is crucial to account for not only binary but also triple direct and inverse interactions between electrons, positrons, photons and protons. Several explicit examples are given and the corresponding timescales for reaching kinetic and thermal equilibria are determined.
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