玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体原子芯片干涉测量中有限温度效应的量化
Quantifying Finite Temperature Effects in Atom Chip Interferometry of Bose-Einstein Condensates
摘要：
本文定量研究了位相涨落对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体原子芯片干涉测量的影响。在非常低的温度下，我们观察到小的相位波动，由平均场耗尽，和共振生产的旋涡时，两个云最初在反相。在较高的温度下，我们发现Bogoliubov模的热占据使得涡旋产生随两个原子云之间的初始相对相位差平滑地变化。我们还提出了一种技术，通过在两个云之间建立一个薄弱的环节，直接观察漩涡的形成。旋涡的位置和环流的方向随后通过两个云相互膨胀时产生的干涉条纹中的扭结来揭示。该过程可用于精确的力测量或运动检测。
英文摘要：
We quantify the effect of phase fluctuations on atom chip interferometry of Bose-Einstein condensates. At very low temperatures, we observe small phase fluctuations, created by mean-field depletion, and a resonant production of vortices when the two clouds are initially in anti-phase. At higher temperatures, we show that the thermal occupation of Bogoliubov modes makes vortex production vary smoothly with the initial relative phase difference between the two atom clouds. We also propose a technique to observe vortex formation directly by creating a weak link between the two clouds. The position and direction of circulation of the vortices is subsequently revealed by kinks in the interference fringes produced when the two clouds expand into one another. This procedure may be exploited for precise force measurement or motion detection.
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