在主动收缩背景下刚性生物聚合物的动力学：屈曲、刚化和负耗散
Dynamics of a stiff biopolymer in an actively contractile background: buckling, stiffening and negative dissipation
摘要：
我们提出了一个通用的理论，在一个活跃的介质与取向的相关性，如微管收缩肌动蛋白的张力下的刚性丝的动力学。与被动介质的情况形成鲜明对比的是，我们发现细丝可以使\textit{or}屈曲，并可能振荡，这取决于活动\textit{and}的收缩或拉伸性质的被动介质锚定相互作用。我们目前的实验微管的行为在神经元的生长锥，这些明显相反的行为提供了证据。我们还证明了一个强烈的违反的波动耗散（FD）关系的有效动态的灯丝，包括一个负FD比。我们的方法也与轴突的动力学相关，并且我们的模型方程与最近关于听觉毛细胞的工作[PNAS（2001）{ \bf 98}：14380-14385]中的模型方程具有显著的形式相似性。我们的预测可以用肌动球蛋白提取物或细菌悬浮液中的单纤维进行详细的测试。
英文摘要：
We present a generic theory for the dynamics of a stiff filament under tension, in an active medium with orientational correlations, such as a microtubule in contractile actin. In sharp contrast to the case of a passive medium, we find the filament can stiffen, and possibly oscillate, \textit{or} buckle, depending on the contractile or tensile nature of the activity \textit{and} the filament-medium anchoring interaction. We present experiments on the behaviour of microtubules in the growth cone of a neuron, which provide evidence for these apparently opposing behaviours. We also demonstrate a strong violation of the fluctuation-dissipation (FD) relation in the effective dynamics of the filament, including a negative FD ratio. Our approach is also of relevance to the dynamics of axons, and our model equations bear a remarkable formal similarity to those in recent work [PNAS (2001) {\bf 98}:14380-14385] on auditory hair cells. Detailed tests of our predictions can be made using a single filament in actomyosin extracts or bacterial suspensions.
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