Orientifold中的Skyrmions与伴随QCD
Skyrmions in Orientifold and Adjoint QCD
摘要：
这是一个审查的最新进展，有关Skyrmion部门的更高的代表性QCD。普通QCD是一种SU（n）规范理论，其基本表象是nf个Dirac夸克。改变夸克的表象会导致不同的有趣的理论，这些理论不像普通的QCD那样得到很好的研究。为了能够有一个一致的渐近自由的大n极限，我们必须限制自己的三种情况：双指标表示（对称或反对称）和伴随表示。低能有效拉格朗日量的Skyrmions将是这次审查的主要对象。在东方褶皱和伴随QCD中，关于Skyrmion的识别及其量子稳定性，还有一些令人困惑的方面尚未被理解。我们将解释这些问题以及我们为它们提出的解决方案。第一部分专门介绍双索引表示。这里的挑战是在光谱中识别出必须与Skyrmion一起识别的正确粒子。结果证明它不是最简单的重子（如在普通QCD中），而是一种具有更高电荷的重子态，精确地由n（n \pm 1）/2个夸克组成。虽然它不是重子中最简单的，但它是最小化每单位重子电荷质量的重子，因此是它们中最稳定的。第二部分专门讨论伴随表示中的夸克。这里任务假设一个不同的视角。我们没有重子荷，就像在普通QCD中一样。一个重要的作用是现在发挥了巨大的费米子，必须考虑在低能量有效拉格朗日。通过这个费米子，Skyrmion获得了一个反常的费米子数（-1）^F，因此，后者和它的自旋/统计之间的关系是奇怪的。这意味着Skyrmion的Z_2稳定性。
英文摘要：
This is a review of recent developments regarding the Skyrmion sector of higher representation QCD. Ordinary QCD is a SU(n) gauge theory with n_f Dirac quarks in the fundamental representation. Changing the representation of quarks leads to different and interesting theories, which are not as well studied as ordinary QCD. In order to be able to have a consistent asymptotically free large n limit, we must limit ourselves to three cases: two-index representation (symmetric or anti-symmetric) and adjoint representation. Skyrmions of the low-energy effective Lagrangian shall be the main subject of this review. There are puzzling aspects, both in orientifold and adjoint QCD, regarding the identification of the Skyrmion and its quantum stability, that have not yet been understood. We shall explain these problems and the solution we proposed for them. The first part is dedicated to the two-index representation. Here the challenge is to identify the correct particle in the spectrum that has to be identified with the Skyrmion. It turns out not to be the simplest baryon (as in ordinary QCD) but a baryonic state with higher charge, precisely composed by n(n\pm 1)/2 quarks. Although not the simplest among the baryons, it is the one that minimizes the mass per unit of baryonic charge and thus is the most stable among them. The second part is devoted to the quarks in the adjoint representation. The task here assume a different perspective. We do not have a baryon charge, like in ordinary QCD. An important role is now played by a massive fermion that must be considered in the low-energy effective Lagrangian. Through this fermion, the Skyrmion acquires an anomalous fermionic number (-1)^F and, as a consequence, an odd relationship between the latter and its spin/statistic. This implies a Z_2 stability of the Skyrmion.
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