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arXiv 0901.3684astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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测量年轻棕矮星的微小质量吸积率

Measuring tiny mass accretion rates onto young brown dwarfs

Gregory J. Herczeg, Kelle L. Cruz, Lynne A. Hillenbrand

摘要:

我们目前的低分辨率凯克I/LRIS光谱跨度从3200-9000 A的9个年轻的棕矮星和三个低质量的恒星在TW Hya协会和上斯科。这些棕矮星的光谱类型介于M5.5-M8.75之间,其中两颗具有早期L型矮星的近红外光谱类型。我们报道了低质量恒星TW Hya和Hen 3- 600 A以及棕矮星2 MASS J12073347-3932540,USCoCTIO 128,SSSPM J1102-3431,USCoJ160606.29-233513.3,DENIS-P J160603.9-205644,和Oph J162225- 240515 B,以及低质量恒星Hen 3- 600 B和棕矮星USCoCTIO 112、Oph J162225- 240515 A和USCo J160723.82-221102.0的吸积上限。对于我们样本中在短波长下最暗的六颗褐矮星,吸积光度或上限只有在图像在大波长间隔上进行分箱时才能测量。这种方法将我们对吸积率的敏感性扩展到棕矮星的~ 1 e-13太阳质量/年。由于从过量的巴耳末连续辐射测量吸积率的能力取决于过量的连续辐射和底层光球之间的对比度,对于具有早期光谱类型的天体,吸积率的上限要高得多。在我们的吸积率测量的绝对不确定性~3-5包括吸积模型,褐矮星质量和距离的不确定性。尽管H-α通量发生了很大变化,但2 MASS J12073347-3932540上2 e-12太阳质量/年的吸积率与之前两次测量值相差15%以内。

英文摘要:

We present low-resolution Keck I/LRIS spectra spanning from 3200-9000 A of nine young brown dwarfs and three low-mass stars in the TW Hya Association and in Upper Sco. The optical spectral types of the brown dwarfs range from M5.5-M8.75, though two have near-IR spectral types of early L-dwarfs. We report new accretion rates derived from excess Balmer continuum emission for the low-mass stars TW Hya and Hen 3-600A and the brown dwarfs 2MASS J12073347-3932540, UScoCTIO 128, SSSPM J1102-3431, UScoJ160606.29-233513.3, DENIS-P J160603.9-205644, and Oph J162225-240515B, and upper limits on accretion for the low-mass star Hen 3-600B and the brown dwarfs UScoCTIO 112, Oph J162225-240515A, and USco J160723.82-221102.0. For the six brown dwarfs in our sample that are faintest at short wavelengths, the accretion luminosity or upper limit is measurable only when the image is binned over large wavelength intervals. This method extends our sensivity to accretion rate down to ~1e-13 solar masses/year for brown dwarfs. Since the ability to measure an accretion rate from excess Balmer continuum emission depends on the contrast between excess continuum emission and the underlying photosphere, for objects with earlier spectral types the upper limit on accretion rate is much higher. Absolute uncertainties in our accretion rate measurements of ~3-5 include uncertainty in accretion models, brown dwarf masses, and distance. The accretion rate of 2e-12 solar masses/year onto 2MASS J12073347-3932540 is within 15% of two previous measurements, despite large changes in the H-alpha flux.

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