宇宙结构萌芽中的量子引力现象
A window to quantum gravity phenomena in the emergence of the seeds of cosmic structure
摘要：
暴胀宇宙学在过去几年里得到了大量观测的支持。通过弯曲时空中的量子场论的分析，可以从暴胀情景中提取出涨落谱，而且涨落谱与观测数据相吻合，这一事实导致了科学界的某种自满情绪，从而阻碍了对推导过程中的模糊点进行批判性分析。我们在这里简要地论证，正如我们在其他地方更详细地讨论过的那样，在我们对宇宙结构的起源的理解中，缺少了一些重要的东西，这一点可以由以下事实证明：在标准解释中，我们宇宙的不均匀性和各向异性似乎是从一个完全均匀的各向异性初始状态通过不打破这些对称性的过程产生的。这篇文章给出了一个非常简短的叙述所面临的问题的论点的基础上建立的物理学。结论是，我们需要一些新的物理学才能完全解决这个问题。然后，本文揭示了一种用于解决核心问题的途径，并详细说明了新方法与标准分析的预测不同的程度。彭罗斯提出，量子引力可能导致波函数的真实的、动态的坍缩，我们认为这个过程具有将我们从上述理论僵局中解救出来所需的性质。
英文摘要：
Inflationary cosmology has, in the last few years,received a strong dose of support from observations. The fact that the fluctuation spectrum can be extracted from the inflationary scenario through an analysis that involves quantum field theory in curved space-time, and that it coincides with the observational data has lead to a certain complacency in the community, which prevents the critical analysis of the obscure spots in the derivation. We argue here briefly, as we have discussed in more detail elsewhere, that there is something important missing in our understanding of the origin of the seeds of Cosmic Structure, as is evidenced by the fact that in the standard accounts the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of our universe seems to emerge from an exactly homogeneous andisotropic initial state through processes that do not break those symmetries. This article gives a very brief recount of the problems faced by the arguments based on established physics. The conclusion is that we need some new physics to be able to fully address the problem. The article then exposes one avenue that has been used to address the central issue and elaborates on the degree to which, the new approach makes different predictions from the standard analyses. The approach is inspired on Penrose's proposals that Quantum Gravity might lead to a real, dynamical collapse of the wave function, a process that we argued has the properties needed to extract us from the theoretical impasse described above.
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