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arXiv 0901.2761cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.soft
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凝聚驱动聚集中分形行为的出现

Emergence of fractal behavior in condensation-driven aggregation

M. K. Hassan, M. Z. Hassan

摘要:

我们研究了一个模型,在该模型中,化学上相同的布朗粒子系综通过冷凝不断生长,同时每当两个粒子碰撞时发生接触时,就会发生不可逆的聚集。我们通过使用标度理论精确地解决了模型的情况,即一个粒子,比如尺寸为$x$的粒子,在与另一个任何尺寸的粒子碰撞所需的时间内增长了一个量$αx$。结果表明,该体系的粒度谱向动态标度$c(x,t)\sim t^{-β}ϕ(x/t^z)$转变,并伴随着维数$d_f={{1}\over{1+2α}}$的分形出现.该模型的一个显著特点是它受一个非平凡的守恒律支配,即$c(x,t)$的$d_f^{th}$矩是时不变的,与初始条件的选择无关。它保持保守的原因是通过使用一个简单的量纲分析。我们表明,标度指数$β$和$z$锁定的分形维数$d_f$通过广义标度关系$β=(1+d_f)z$。

英文摘要:

We investigate a model in which an ensemble of chemically identical Brownian particles are continuously growing by condensation and at the same time undergo irreversible aggregation whenever two particles come into contact upon collision. We solved the model exactly by using scaling theory for the case whereby a particle, say of size $x$, grows by an amount $αx$ over the time it takes to collide with another particle of any size. It is shown that the particle size spectra of such system exhibit transition to dynamic scaling $c(x,t)\sim t^{-β}ϕ(x/t^z)$ accompanied by the emergence of fractal of dimension $d_f={{1}\over{1+2α}}$. One of the remarkable feature of this model is that it is governed by a non-trivial conservation law, namely, the $d_f^{th}$ moment of $c(x,t)$ is time invariant regardless of the choice of the initial conditions. The reason why it remains conserved is explained by using a simple dimensional analysis. We show that the scaling exponents $β$ and $z$ are locked with the fractal dimension $d_f$ via a generalized scaling relation $β=(1+d_f)z$.

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